Appearance
Utility of the apolipoprotein E genotype in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Disease Centers Consortium on Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's Disease.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJM199802193380804 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 9468467 |
| 期刊 | The New England journal of medicine |
| 影响因子 | 78.5 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 1998 |
| 被引次数 | 127 |
| 关键词 | 载脂蛋白E基因型, 阿尔茨海默病, 诊断特异性 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Multicenter Study, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. |
| ISSN | 0028-4793 |
| 页码 | 506-11 |
| 期号 | 338(8) |
| 作者 | R Mayeux, A M Saunders, S Shea, S Mirra, D Evans, A D Roses, B T Hyman, B Crain, M X Tang, C H Phelps |
一句话小结
本研究评估了APOE epsilon4等位基因在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的价值,发现其敏感性和特异性不足以单独用于诊断,但与临床标准结合使用时能显著提高特异性,从而为改善阿尔茨海默病的诊断策略提供了重要参考。研究结果强调了基因信息在临床诊断中的辅助作用,可能有助于早期识别和管理该疾病。
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摘要
背景
编码载脂蛋白E(APOE)基因的epsilon4等位基因与阿尔茨海默病密切相关,但其在诊断中的价值仍不确定。
方法
我们回顾了2188名患者在26个阿尔茨海默病中心进行痴呆评估时的临床诊断和尸检诊断。我们计算了临床诊断或APOE epsilon4等位基因存在的敏感性和特异性,以病理学确认的阿尔茨海默病作为标准。通过多变量分析生成接收者操作特征曲线,绘制敏感性与假阳性率,从而估算APOE基因型的附加价值。
结果
在2188名患者中,1833人被诊断为阿尔茨海默病,1770名患者在尸检时得到了病理学确认。与病理学确认的阿尔茨海默病患者中65%相比,临床诊断为阿尔茨海默病的患者中有62%至少携带一个APOE epsilon4等位基因。临床诊断的敏感性为93%,特异性为55%,而APOE epsilon4等位基因的敏感性和特异性分别为65%和68%。在符合阿尔茨海默病临床标准的患者中,增加对APOE基因型的信息使整体特异性提高到84%,尽管敏感性有所降低。经过调整年龄、临床诊断、性别和中心的差异后,特异性的改善在多变量分析中仍然具有统计学意义。
结论
APOE基因分型的敏感性和特异性不足以单独作为阿尔茨海默病的诊断测试,但当与临床标准结合使用时,可提高诊断的特异性。
英文摘要
BACKGROUND The epsilon4 allele of the gene encoding apolipoprotein E (APOE) is strongly associated with Alzheimer's disease, but its value in the diagnosis remains uncertain.
METHODS We reviewed clinical diagnoses and diagnoses obtained at autopsy in 2188 patients referred to 1 of 26 Alzheimer's disease centers for evaluation of dementia. The sensitivity and specificity of the clinical diagnosis or the presence of an APOE epsilon4 allele were calculated, with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease used as the standard. The added value of the APOE genotype was estimated with pretest and post-test probabilities from multivariate analyses to generate receiver-operating-characteristic curves plotting sensitivity against the false positive rate.
RESULTS Of the 2188 patients, 1833 were given a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, and the diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in 1770 patients at autopsy. Sixty-two percent of patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, as compared with 65 percent of those with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease, had at least one APOE epsilon4 allele. The sensitivity of the clinical diagnosis was 93 percent, and the specificity was 55 percent, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the APOE epsilon4 allele were 65 and 68 percent, respectively. The addition of information about the APOE genotype increased the overall specificity to 84 percent in patients who met the clinical criteria for Alzheimer's disease, although the sensitivity decreased. The improvement in specificity remained statistically significant in the multivariate analysis after adjustment for differences in age, clinical diagnosis, sex, and center.
CONCLUSIONS APOE genotyping does not provide sufficient sensitivity or specificity to be used alone as a diagnostic test for Alzheimer's disease, but when used in combination with clinical criteria, it improves the specificity of the diagnosis.
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主要研究问题
- APOE基因型在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的具体应用场景有哪些?
- 目前有哪些其他生物标志物可以与APOE基因型结合使用以提高阿尔茨海默病的诊断准确性?
- 研究中提到的临床诊断与病理确认之间的差异对诊断结果有何影响?
- 如何评估APOE基因型在不同人群中的诊断价值,例如老年人和年轻患者?
- 未来的研究方向是什么,以进一步探索APOE基因型在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的潜力?
核心洞察
1. 研究背景和目的
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)是一种具有显著影响的神经退行性疾病,epsilon4等位基因(APOE ε4)与阿尔茨海默病之间存在强烈的关联。然而,APOE基因型在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的实际价值仍然存在不确定性。因此,本研究旨在评估APOE ε4基因型在阿尔茨海默病诊断中的 utility,尤其是在对比临床诊断和病理确认之间的准确性时。
2. 主要方法和发现
本研究对2188名因痴呆症状而被转诊至26个阿尔茨海默病中心的患者进行了回顾性分析。研究者计算了临床诊断和通过尸检获得的诊断的灵敏度和特异性,并以病理确认的阿尔茨海默病作为标准。采用多变量分析生成接收操作特征曲线(ROC曲线),以绘制灵敏度与假阳性率之间的关系。
在2188名患者中,1833人被临床诊断为阿尔茨海默病,其中1770名患者在尸检中得到了病理确认。临床诊断的灵敏度为93%,特异性仅为55%;而APOE ε4的灵敏度和特异性分别为65%和68%。将APOE基因型信息加入临床诊断后,阿尔茨海默病的总体特异性提高至84%,尽管灵敏度有所下降。经过年龄、临床诊断、性别和中心差异的多变量分析调整后,这一特异性的改善仍然具有统计学意义。
3. 核心结论
APOE基因分型不能单独作为阿尔茨海默病的诊断测试,因为其灵敏度和特异性均不足。然而,当与临床标准结合使用时,APOE基因型可以显著提高诊断的特异性。
4. 研究意义和影响
本研究为阿尔茨海默病的诊断方法提供了新的见解,强调了APOE基因型在临床应用中的重要性,尤其是在提高诊断特异性方面。然而,研究也指出,仅依赖基因型进行诊断是不够的,临床症状与基因信息的结合使用将更有助于准确诊断阿尔茨海默病。这一发现可能推动未来在阿尔茨海默病早期检测和精准医疗方面的研究与实践,为临床医生提供更为可靠的诊断工具。
引用本文的文献
- The burden of dementia. A medical and research perspective. - P Antuono;J Beyer - Theoretical medicine and bioethics (1999)
- Angiotensin converting enzyme and endothelial nitric oxide synthase DNA polymorphisms and late onset Alzheimer's disease. - R Alvarez;V Alvarez;C H Lahoz;C Martínez;J Peña;J M Sánchez;L M Guisasola;J Salas-Puig;G Morís;J A Vidal;R Ribacoba;B B Menes;D Uría;E Coto - Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry (1999)
- Dementia, quantitative neuroimaging, and apolipoprotein E genotype. - E D Bigler;C M Lowry;C V Anderson;S C Johnson;J Terry;M Steed - AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology (2000)
- Sandwich ELISA for the measurement of Apo-E4 levels in serum and the estimation of the allelic status of Apo-E4 isoforms. - Y Uchida;S Ito;N Nukina - Journal of clinical laboratory analysis (2000)
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- Goals and objectives for molecular pathology education in residency programs. The Association for Molecular Pathology Training and Education Committee. - The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD (1999)
- Clinical significance of neurobiochemical profiles in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid of Alzheimer's disease patients. - N Rösler;I Wichart;K A Jellinger - Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) (2001)
- Why should primary care physicians know about the genetics of dementia? - L E Pinsky;W Burke;T D Bird - The Western journal of medicine (2001)
- The apolipoprotein E gene, attention, and brain function. - Raja Parasuraman;Pamela M Greenwood;Trey Sunderland - Neuropsychology (2002)
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