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文献精选 > 近年高分"mRNA疫苗"研究（IF≥30，近5年）

Nanotechnology-based mRNA vaccines. ​

文献信息 ​

DOI10.1038/s43586-023-00246-7
PMID40747084
期刊Nature reviews. Methods primers
影响因子56.0
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2023
被引次数15
关键词纳米技术, mRNA疫苗, 免疫应答, 药物递送, 生物材料
文献类型Journal Article
ISSN2662-8449
期号3(1)
作者Shuying Chen, Xiangang Huang, Yonger Xue, Ester Álvarez-Benedicto, Yesi Shi, Wei Chen, Seyoung Koo, Daniel J Siegwart, Yizhou Dong, Wei Tao

一句话小结 ​

本篇导论探讨了利用纳米技术提升mRNA疫苗的生物材料和递送效率，以解决mRNA的不稳定性和易降解性问题，强调了颗粒设计和治疗应用的重要性。研究表明，纳米颗粒能有效促进mRNA的保护、细胞摄取和免疫刺激，为mRNA疫苗在传染病和癌症治疗中的应用提供了新的视角和未来发展方向。

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纳米技术 · mRNA疫苗 · 免疫应答 · 药物递送 · 生物材料

摘要 ​

mRNA疫苗已成为一种革命性的工具，能够迅速而精准地产生针对传染病和癌症的免疫反应。与传统疫苗（如灭活病毒、病毒载体、蛋白亚单位或DNA疫苗）相比，mRNA疫苗因其设计简单、生产快速、安全性高和有效性强等多种优势而脱颖而出。然而，由于mRNA分子本身的不稳定性和易降解性，如何高效且有针对性地递送mRNA仍然是一个重大挑战。纳米技术提供了创新的解决方案，以克服这些障碍并增强mRNA疫苗的效力。本篇导论旨在概述一种模块化的方法，用于开发mRNA疫苗的生物材料和纳米技术，重点关注颗粒设计、配方评估和治疗应用。我们深入探讨了纳米颗粒促进mRNA保护、细胞摄取、内吞体逃逸和免疫刺激的基本机制。我们强调了影响基于纳米材料的mRNA疫苗制造和临床应用的关键参数。最后，我们呈现了纳米技术增强的mRNA疫苗在预防和治疗干预中的广泛应用的当前局限性和未来展望。

英文摘要 ​

mRNA vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary tool to generate rapid and precise immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. Compared with conventional vaccines such as inactivated viruses, viral vectors, protein subunits or DNA-based vaccines, mRNA vaccines stand out owing to multiple advantages, including simplicity of design, fast production, enhanced safety and high efficacy. Nevertheless, efficient and targeted delivery of mRNA molecules remains a significant challenge owing to their inherent instability and susceptibility to degradation. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions to surmount these obstacles and amplify the potency of mRNA vaccines. This Primer aims to outline a modular approach to developing biomaterials and nanotechnology for mRNA vaccines, with a focus on particle design, formulation evaluation and therapeutic applications. We delve into the underlying mechanisms of nanoparticle-facilitated mRNA protection, cellular uptake, endosomal escape and immune stimulation. We underscore the critical parameters that impact the manufacturing and clinical implementation of nanomaterial-based mRNA vaccines. Finally, we present the current limitations and future perspectives in the advancement of nanotechnology-enhanced mRNA vaccines for broad applications in prophylactic and therapeutic interventions.

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主要研究问题 ​

  1. 纳米技术如何具体改善mRNA疫苗的稳定性和递送效率？
  2. 在纳米材料的设计中，哪些关键参数会影响mRNA疫苗的免疫刺激效果？
  3. 与传统疫苗相比，纳米技术增强的mRNA疫苗在治疗癌症方面的潜力如何？
  4. 目前在纳米技术与mRNA疫苗结合的临床应用中存在哪些主要挑战？
  5. 未来在纳米技术和mRNA疫苗领域的研究方向有哪些值得关注的新兴趋势？

核心洞察 ​

研究背景和目的 ​

mRNA疫苗作为一种革命性的工具，能够迅速且精准地激发针对传染病和癌症的免疫反应。与传统疫苗（如灭活病毒、病毒载体、蛋白亚单位或DNA疫苗）相比，mRNA疫苗具有设计简单、生产快速、安全性高和有效性强等优点。然而，mRNA分子的有效和靶向递送仍然是一个重大挑战，因为它们本身不稳定且易于降解。本文旨在概述一种模块化的方法，通过生物材料和纳米技术的发展来克服这些障碍，增强mRNA疫苗的效力。

主要方法/材料/实验设计 ​

研究采用了一种模块化的方法，重点关注纳米颗粒的设计、配方评估和治疗应用。具体的技术路线如下：

Mermaid diagram

关键结果和发现 ​

  • 纳米颗粒设计：开发了多种纳米颗粒以保护mRNA并促进其细胞摄取。
  • 内吞体逃逸：探讨了不同纳米材料在内吞体逃逸过程中的表现，显示出特定设计的纳米颗粒能够有效提高mRNA的细胞内可用性。
  • 免疫刺激：发现纳米颗粒不仅能保护mRNA，还能增强免疫系统的反应，提升疫苗的总体效力。

主要结论/意义/创新性 ​

本文强调了纳米技术在mRNA疫苗开发中的重要性，提出了关键参数影响纳米材料的制造和临床实施的见解。这些发现为mRNA疫苗的广泛应用提供了新的思路，特别是在预防和治疗干预方面。通过纳米技术的创新，mRNA疫苗有望克服传统疫苗的局限性，提供更高效的免疫保护。

研究局限性和未来方向 ​

  • 局限性：当前研究主要集中在纳米颗粒的设计和评估上，缺乏大规模临床试验的数据支持。
  • 未来方向：建议进一步探索不同类型的纳米材料，优化其生物相容性和靶向性，以实现更广泛的应用。同时，推动临床试验以验证其在实际应用中的有效性和安全性。

参考文献 ​

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  1. Blood-brain-barrier-crossing lipid nanoparticles for mRNA delivery to the central nervous system. - Chang Wang;Yonger Xue;Tamara Markovic;Haoyuan Li;Siyu Wang;Yichen Zhong;Shi Du;Yuebao Zhang;Xucheng Hou;Yang Yu;Zhengwei Liu;Meng Tian;Diana D Kang;Leiming Wang;Kaiyuan Guo;Dinglingge Cao;Jingyue Yan;Binbin Deng;David W McComb;Ramon E Parsons;Angelica M Minier-Toribio;Leanne M Holt;Jiayi Pan;Alice Hashemi;Brian H Kopell;Alexander W Charney;Eric J Nestler;Paul C Peng;Yizhou Dong - Nature materials (2025)
  2. Developing mRNA Nanomedicines with Advanced Targeting Functions. - Ji Wang;Lijun Cai;Ning Li;Zhiqiang Luo;Haozhen Ren;Bing Zhang;Yuanjin Zhao - Nano-micro letters (2025)
  3. RNA chemistry and therapeutics. - Siyu Wang;Drew Weissman;Yizhou Dong - Nature reviews. Drug discovery (2025)
  4. Mannich reaction-based combinatorial libraries identify antioxidant ionizable lipids for mRNA delivery with reduced immunogenicity. - Ningqiang Gong;Dongyoon Kim;Mohamad-Gabriel Alameh;Rakan El-Mayta;Emily L Han;Garima Dwivedi;Rohan Palanki;Qiangqiang Shi;Xuexiang Han;Lulu Xue;Junchao Xu;Zilin Meng;Tianyu Luo;Christian G Figueroa-Espada;Drew Weissman;Jinghong Li;Michael J Mitchell - Nature biomedical engineering (2025)
  5. Advances and Strategies in Enhancing mRNA Cancer Vaccines. - Miao Zhang;Shengqi Chen;Haijun Hu;Yenhui Ong;Qianqian Ni - Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) (2025)
  6. Systemic reprogramming of tumour immunity via IL-10-mRNA nanoparticles. - Chuang Liu;Xiangang Huang;Kok-Siong Chen;Sihan Xiong;Alexey V Yaremenko;Xueyan Zhen;Xinru You;Filippo Rossignoli;Yi Tang;Seyoung Koo;Wei Chen;Na Kong;Tian Xie;Khalid Shah;Wei Tao - Nature nanotechnology (2025)
  7. Homologous heteropolyaromatic covalent organic frameworks for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production and aerobic oxidation. - Jiani Yang;Zhenyang Zhao;Xu Liu;Heng Yang;Jin Yang;Mi Zhou;Shuang Li;Xikui Liu;Xiaohui Xu;Chong Cheng - Nature communications (2025)
  8. Cryomicroneedle Arrays for Biotherapeutics Delivery. - Chunli Yang;Li Zhang;Angxi Zhou;Siyi Wang;Ya Ren;Maya Xiang;Run Tian;Yang Yu;Rong Li;Maling Gou - Small science (2025)
  9. Advancements and challenges in CAR-T cell therapy for solid tumors: A comprehensive review of antigen targets, strategies, and future directions. - Jiajun Zhu;Jianming Zhou;Yiting Tang;Ruotong Huang;Chengjia Lu;Ke Qian;Qingyu Zhou;Jingjun Zhang;Xiaoyi Yang;Wenhan Zhou;Jiaqiang Wu;Qiudan Chen;Yong Lin;Shuying Chen - Cancer cell international (2025)
  10. Mechanism of RCD and the Role of Different Death Signaling Pathways in Cancer. - Jianming Zhou;Ruotong Huang;Maidinai Aimaiti;Qingyu Zhou;Xiang Wu;Jiajun Zhu;Xiangyi Ma;Ke Qian;Qi Zhou;Lianlong Hu;Xiaoyi Yang;Yiting Tang;Yong Lin;Shuying Chen - Biomedicines (2025)

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