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Cancer statistics, 2023.

文献信息

DOI10.3322/caac.21763
PMID36633525
期刊CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子232.4
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2023
被引次数8136
关键词癌症病例,癌症统计,死亡率,发病率,死亡率
文献类型Journal Article
ISSN0007-9235
页码17-48
期号73(1)
作者Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Nikita Sandeep Wagle, Ahmedin Jemal

一句话小结

2023年美国预计将有近200万新癌症病例和60万癌症死亡,尽管癌症整体死亡率持续下降,但前列腺、乳腺和子宫体癌的发病率上升,尤其在不同种族间存在显著差异,反映出治疗进展与癌症负担间的复杂关系。研究表明,HPV疫苗接种显著降低了年轻女性中宫颈癌的发病率,预示着未来癌症防治的潜力。

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癌症病例 · 癌症统计 · 死亡率 · 发病率 · 死亡率

摘要

每年,美国癌症学会都会估算美国的新癌症病例和死亡人数,并利用由中央癌症登记处收集的发病数据和由国家健康统计中心收集的死亡数据,汇编最新的人口基础癌症发生率和结果数据。预计在2023年,美国将发生1,958,310例新癌症病例和609,820例癌症死亡。2014年至2019年间,前列腺癌的发病率每年增加3%,这是在经历了二十年的下降后,新增病例增加了99,000例;然而,男性的发病趋势总体上比女性更为乐观。例如,从2015年至2019年,女性肺癌的发病率下降速度仅为男性的一半(分别为1.1%和2.6%),而乳腺癌和子宫体癌的发病率持续上升,肝癌和黑色素瘤的发病率在50岁及以上男性中保持稳定,在年轻男性中则有所下降。然而,在2012年至2019年期间,早期20岁女性中宫颈癌的发病率下降了65%,这是首批接种人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗的群体,这预示着与人乳头状瘤病毒相关的癌症负担将大幅减少,而这些癌症大多数发生在女性中。尽管经历了疫情,与其他主要死亡原因相比,癌症死亡率在2019年至2020年间继续下降(下降了1.5%),自1991年以来总体减少了33%,估计避免了380万例死亡。这一进展日益反映出治疗方面的进步,特别是在2016年至2020年期间,白血病、黑色素瘤和肾癌的死亡率快速下降(每年约下降2%),尽管其发病率保持稳定或上升,同时肺癌的死亡率下降速度也加快。总之,尽管癌症死亡率持续下降,但未来的进展可能会因乳腺癌、前列腺癌和子宫体癌的发病率上升而受到抑制,而这些癌症也恰恰是死亡率存在最大种族差异的癌症类型。

英文摘要

Each year, the American Cancer Society estimates the numbers of new cancer cases and deaths in the United States and compiles the most recent data on population-based cancer occurrence and outcomes using incidence data collected by central cancer registries and mortality data collected by the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2023, 1,958,310 new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. Cancer incidence increased for prostate cancer by 3% annually from 2014 through 2019 after two decades of decline, translating to an additional 99,000 new cases; otherwise, however, incidence trends were more favorable in men compared to women. For example, lung cancer in women decreased at one half the pace of men (1.1% vs. 2.6% annually) from 2015 through 2019, and breast and uterine corpus cancers continued to increase, as did liver cancer and melanoma, both of which stabilized in men aged 50 years and older and declined in younger men. However, a 65% drop in cervical cancer incidence during 2012 through 2019 among women in their early 20s, the first cohort to receive the human papillomavirus vaccine, foreshadows steep reductions in the burden of human papillomavirus-associated cancers, the majority of which occur in women. Despite the pandemic, and in contrast with other leading causes of death, the cancer death rate continued to decline from 2019 to 2020 (by 1.5%), contributing to a 33% overall reduction since 1991 and an estimated 3.8 million deaths averted. This progress increasingly reflects advances in treatment, which are particularly evident in the rapid declines in mortality (approximately 2% annually during 2016 through 2020) for leukemia, melanoma, and kidney cancer, despite stable/increasing incidence, and accelerated declines for lung cancer. In summary, although cancer mortality rates continue to decline, future progress may be attenuated by rising incidence for breast, prostate, and uterine corpus cancers, which also happen to have the largest racial disparities in mortality.

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主要研究问题

  1. 2023年癌症统计数据中,哪些癌症的发病率在上升,具体原因是什么?
  2. 人群中不同性别的癌症发病率差异如何影响公共卫生政策的制定?
  3. HPV疫苗接种对女性宫颈癌发病率下降的影响有多大,未来可能的趋势是什么?
  4. 在癌症死亡率持续下降的背景下,如何评估不同种族群体的死亡率差异及其影响因素?
  5. 针对男性和女性癌症发病率的不同趋势,是否有针对性的筛查和预防措施被推荐?

核心洞察

1. 研究背景和目的

本研究由美国癌症协会进行,旨在每年评估美国癌症的发病率和死亡率,汇总最新的基于人口的癌症发生和结果数据。研究通过收集中央癌症登记处的发病数据和国家卫生统计中心的死亡数据,提供癌症的流行病学趋势和相关信息,以便更好地理解癌症的影响。

2. 主要方法和发现

研究采用了数据收集和统计分析的方法,以估算2023年美国的新癌症病例和死亡人数。预计将有1,958,310个新癌症案例和609,820个癌症死亡案例。研究发现,前列腺癌的发病率在2014年至2019年间每年增长3%,这是在经历了二十年的下降后出现的趋势,新增病例达到99,000例。尽管男性的总体发病趋势较女性更为有利,但女性肺癌的发病率下降速度仅为男性的一半(分别为1.1%和2.6%)。此外,乳腺癌和子宫癌的发病率持续上升,而肝癌和黑色素瘤在50岁以上男性中趋于稳定,年轻男性则出现下降。令人欣慰的是,2012年至2019年间,接受人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)疫苗的20岁女性群体中,宫颈癌的发病率下降了65%,这预示着与HPV相关的癌症负担有望显著减少。

3. 核心结论

尽管在新冠疫情期间,癌症死亡率仍然持续下降(2019年至2020年下降1.5%),这标志着自1991年以来整体癌症死亡率减少了33%,并挽救了约380万人的生命。然而,未来的进展可能会因乳腺癌、前列腺癌和子宫癌的发病率上升而受到制约,这些癌症的死亡率种族差异最大。尽管治疗的进步显著降低了某些癌症(如白血病、黑色素瘤和肾癌)的死亡率,但这些癌症的发病率却保持稳定或上升。

4. 研究意义和影响

本研究的重要性在于,它为公共卫生政策和癌症防治策略提供了及时的数据支持,强调了疫苗接种对减少特定癌症负担的潜在影响。同时,研究指出了当前癌症治疗的成功与未来挑战之间的矛盾,特别是在不同种族群体之间的不平等问题。通过持续关注癌症的流行病学趋势,可以更有效地分配医疗资源,并制定针对性的干预措施,以减少癌症的发生和死亡率,最终改善患者的生存率和生活质量。

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