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Radiation therapy-associated toxicity: Etiology, management, and prevention.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.3322/caac.21689 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 34255347 |
| 期刊 | CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |
| 影响因子 | 232.4 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2021 |
| 被引次数 | 176 |
| 关键词 | 生活质量、辐射、副作用、毒性 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Review |
| ISSN | 0007-9235 |
| 页码 | 437-454 |
| 期号 | 71(5) |
| 作者 | Kyle Wang, Joel E Tepper |
一句话小结
放射治疗作为多种癌症的主要治疗方法,尽管能够有效缓解肿瘤相关症状,但其对正常组织的毒性风险不容忽视。本文回顾了放射治疗在各人体系统中产生的副作用及其管理,强调了随着技术进步提高放射治疗精准性,从而降低毒性风险的重要性,这对癌症患者的整体管理具有重要临床意义。
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摘要
放射治疗(RT)是多种恶性肿瘤的治愈性治疗方法,并为有肿瘤相关症状的患者提供有效的缓解。然而,放射治疗的生物物理效应并不特定于肿瘤细胞,可能会由于周围器官和组织的暴露而产生毒性。在本文中,作者回顾了放射治疗副作用在每个人体系统中的临床背景、病理生理、风险因素、表现和管理。电离辐射通过造成DNA损伤来导致肿瘤细胞死亡,但对正常组织的影响可能会导致急性和/或迟发性毒性。毒性的表现依赖于细胞特性以及受影响器官的解剖和生理结构。通常,辐射剂量与正常组织的体积之间存在直接关系,这与毒性风险密切相关,因此制定了大多数组织的指导方针和推荐剂量限制。副作用是多因素的,受患者基础特征和其他肿瘤治疗的影响。近年来的技术进步通过显著提高放射治疗的精准性,最大限度地提高了肿瘤剂量并最小化了器官剂量,从而降低了放射治疗的毒性。因此,研究与放射治疗相关的毒性是放射肿瘤学培训中的一个复杂且核心的组成部分,随着癌症管理的进步而不断发展。由于放射治疗被用于多达一半的癌症患者,理解其在不同器官系统中的急性和迟发效应对于肿瘤科医生和非肿瘤科医生来说都具有临床相关性。
英文摘要
Radiation therapy (RT) is a curative treatment for many malignancies and provides effective palliation in patients with tumor-related symptoms. However, the biophysical effects of RT are not specific to tumor cells and may produce toxicity due to exposure of surrounding organs and tissues. In this article, the authors review the clinical context, pathophysiology, risk factors, presentation, and management of RT side effects in each human organ system. Ionizing radiation works by producing DNA damage leading to tumor death, but effects on normal tissue may result in acute and/or late toxicity. The manifestation of toxicity depends on both cellular characteristics and affected organs' anatomy and physiology. There is usually a direct relationship between the radiation dose and volume to normal tissues and the risk of toxicity, which has led to guidelines and recommended dose limits for most tissues. Side effects are multifactorial, with contributions from baseline patient characteristics and other oncologic treatments. Technological advances in recent decades have decreased RT toxicity by dramatically improving the ability to deliver RT that maximizes tumor dose and minimizes organ dose. Thus the study of RT-associated toxicity is a complex, core component of radiation oncology training that continues to evolve alongside advances in cancer management. Because RT is used in up to one-half of all patients with cancer, an understanding of its acute and late effects in different organ systems is clinically pertinent to both oncologists and nononcologists.
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主要研究问题
- 在放射治疗中,如何评估不同患者对放射性毒性的易感性?
- 有哪些最新的技术进展可以进一步减少放射治疗的副作用?
- 放射治疗相关毒性在不同肿瘤类型中的表现是否存在显著差异?
- 如何制定个性化的放射治疗计划以最小化对正常组织的损伤?
- 放射治疗的急性与晚期毒性在临床管理中应如何进行监测和干预?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
放射治疗(RT)作为治疗多种恶性肿瘤的有效方法,能够提供有效的缓解作用,同时也存在导致周围器官和组织毒性的风险。本文旨在回顾放射治疗相关毒性的临床背景、病理生理、风险因素、表现及管理策略,帮助医疗专业人员更好地理解和处理放射治疗引发的副作用。主要方法和发现
文章通过文献综述的方式,系统地分析了不同器官系统在放射治疗中可能出现的毒性反应。研究指出,放射治疗通过造成DNA损伤来杀死肿瘤细胞,但对正常组织的影响可能导致急性和/或晚期毒性反应。毒性的表现与细胞特性、受影响器官的解剖和生理特征密切相关。研究发现,辐射剂量和正常组织的受照体积与毒性风险之间通常存在直接关系,这促使制定了大多数组织的剂量限制和推荐标准。此外,患者的基线特征和其他肿瘤治疗的相互作用也对副作用的出现有多方面的影响。随着放射治疗技术的进步,能够显著提高肿瘤剂量的同时降低正常组织的剂量,从而减少毒性反应。核心结论
放射治疗相关毒性是放射肿瘤学培训的一个复杂且核心的组成部分,随着癌症管理的不断进步而不断演变。对于接受放射治疗的癌症患者,了解其急性和晚期副作用在不同器官系统的表现对肿瘤科医生及非肿瘤科医生都具有重要的临床意义。研究意义和影响
本研究强调了放射治疗在癌症治疗中的广泛应用,约有一半的癌症患者会接受此类治疗。通过深入探讨放射治疗相关毒性的多重因素及其管理策略,能够为临床实践提供重要指导,帮助医生更好地评估和应对患者的副作用,从而提高患者的生活质量和治疗效果。此外,随着技术的进步,研究结果也为未来放射治疗的优化提供了重要的理论基础和实践参考。
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