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Recent progress in the treatment of cancer in children.

文献信息

DOI10.3322/caac.21665
PMID33793968
期刊CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子232.4
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2021
被引次数54
关键词儿童癌症,化疗,临床试验,儿科学
文献类型Journal Article, Review
ISSN0007-9235
页码315-332
期号71(4)
作者Erin Butler, Kathleen Ludwig, Holly L Pacenta, Laura J Klesse, Tanya C Watt, Theodore W Laetsch

一句话小结

随着儿童癌症幸存者数量的增加,传统治疗方法的局限性和长期副作用日益显现,研究逐渐转向分子靶向药物和免疫疗法,以改善预后并降低细胞毒性化疗的使用。本文回顾了儿童癌症治疗的最新进展,重点关注靶向和免疫治疗对某些疾病的显著影响。

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儿童癌症 · 化疗 · 临床试验 · 儿科学

摘要

尽管儿童癌症的治疗结果已经取得了显著改善,但近年来这种改善的速度有所放缓,因为许多儿童癌症的治疗强化可能已达极限。此外,随着儿童癌症幸存者数量的增加,治疗的长期副作用变得愈发明显。因此,研究重点已转向使用分子靶向药物和免疫疗法,以改善那些未能通过传统细胞毒性化疗治愈的儿童的预后,并减少对细胞毒性化疗的暴露,从而降低后期影响。本文回顾了儿童癌症治疗的最新进展,特别关注那些靶向和免疫治疗药物产生了重要影响的疾病。

英文摘要

Although significant improvements have been made in the outcomes of children with cancer, the pace of improvement has slowed in recent years as the limits of therapy intensification may have been reached for many pediatric cancers. Furthermore, with increasing numbers of pediatric cancer survivors, the long-term side effects of treatment have become increasingly apparent. Therefore, attention has shifted to the use of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies to improve the outcomes of children who are not cured by traditional cytotoxic chemotherapies and to decrease exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy and reduce late effects. This review describes the recent progress in the treatment of children with cancer, focusing in particular on diseases in which targeted and immunotherapeutic agents have made an impact.

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主要研究问题

  1. 近年来针对儿童癌症的分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗的具体进展有哪些?
  2. 在提高儿童癌症治疗效果的同时,如何评估和管理长期治疗副作用?
  3. 目前有哪些儿童癌症的临床试验正在进行,以评估新疗法的有效性?
  4. 在传统细胞毒性化疗之外,儿童癌症的其他新兴治疗方法有哪些潜力?
  5. 如何根据不同类型的儿童癌症选择合适的靶向治疗或免疫治疗方案?

核心洞察

1. 研究背景和目的

近年来,儿童癌症的治疗取得了显著进展,患者的生存率不断提高。然而,随着治疗强度的加大,许多儿童癌症的治疗效果改善速度逐渐放缓,可能已经达到了治疗强化的极限。同时,随着儿童癌症幸存者人数的增加,长期治疗副作用的显现也引起了广泛关注。因此,本研究旨在探讨分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗在改善未能通过传统细胞毒性化疗治愈的儿童癌症患者的结果及降低细胞毒性化疗相关副作用方面的潜在作用和进展。

2. 主要方法和发现

本综述回顾了针对儿童癌症的最新治疗进展,特别关注那些在分子靶向药物和免疫治疗方面取得显著成效的疾病。研究中总结了多项临床试验和研究成果,阐述了分子靶向治疗如何通过精准靶向癌细胞的特定分子通路,改善治疗效果。同时,免疫治疗的应用也被强调,特别是利用免疫系统自身的力量来对抗肿瘤,从而减少化疗带来的毒副作用。

3. 核心结论

研究表明,分子靶向治疗和免疫治疗在儿童癌症治疗中显示出良好的前景,能够改善未能通过传统化疗治愈的患者的临床结果。这些新疗法不仅能够提高治疗的有效性,还能减少化疗导致的长期副作用,从而提升患者的生活质量。

4. 研究意义和影响

本研究的意义在于为儿童癌症的治疗提供了新的视角和方法,强调了向个体化和靶向治疗转型的重要性。这不仅有助于提高儿童癌症患者的生存率,还能显著降低治疗后的长期健康风险。随着对这些新疗法的深入研究和应用,预计将会对未来儿童癌症治疗的模式产生深远影响,推动相关领域的进一步发展。

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