Appearance
Structural insights into RNA polymerases of negative-sense RNA viruses.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/s41579-020-00501-8 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 33495561 |
| 期刊 | Nature reviews. Microbiology |
| 影响因子 | 103.3 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2021 |
| 被引次数 | 59 |
| 关键词 | 负链RNA病毒, RNA聚合酶, 结构生物学, 病毒转录, 抗病毒药物设计 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review |
| ISSN | 1740-1526 |
| 页码 | 303-318 |
| 期号 | 19(5) |
| 作者 | Aartjan J W Te Velthuis, Jonathan M Grimes, Ervin Fodor |
一句话小结
本综述探讨了负链RNA病毒的RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶的高分辨率结构,分析了不同病毒的聚合酶特性,并讨论了这些结构信息如何揭示病毒转录和复制的分子机制。研究结果为开发针对这些病毒的抗病毒药物提供了重要的靶点和理论基础。
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负链RNA病毒 · RNA聚合酶 · 结构生物学 · 病毒转录 · 抗病毒药物设计
摘要
RNA病毒包括许多重要的人类和动物病原体,例如流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃博拉病毒、麻疹病毒和狂犬病毒。这些病毒的基因组由单个或多个RNA片段组成,这些片段与寡聚的病毒核蛋白组装成核糖核蛋白复合物。病毒基因组的复制和转录由约250-450 kDa的病毒RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶进行,这些聚合酶还具有加帽或夺帽活性。在本综述中,我们比较了负链RNA病毒的RNA聚合酶的最新高分辨率X射线和冷冻电子显微镜结构,这些病毒包括有分段和无分段基因组的正粘病毒、伪布尼亚病毒、芬尼病毒、阿伦病毒、狂犬病毒、肺炎病毒和副粘病毒。此外,我们讨论了对这些酶的结构洞察如何有助于我们理解病毒转录和复制的分子机制,以及我们如何利用这些洞察来识别抗病毒药物设计的靶点。
英文摘要
RNA viruses include many important human and animal pathogens, such as the influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Ebola virus, measles virus and rabies virus. The genomes of these viruses consist of single or multiple RNA segments that assemble with oligomeric viral nucleoprotein into ribonucleoprotein complexes. Replication and transcription of the viral genome is performed by ~250-450 kDa viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases that also contain capping or cap-snatching activity. In this Review, we compare recent high-resolution X-ray and cryoelectron microscopy structures of RNA polymerases of negative-sense RNA viruses with segmented and non-segmented genomes, including orthomyxoviruses, peribunyaviruses, phenuiviruses, arenaviruses, rhabdoviruses, pneumoviruses and paramyxoviruses. In addition, we discuss how structural insights into these enzymes contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of viral transcription and replication, and how we can use these insights to identify targets for antiviral drug design.
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主要研究问题
- RNA聚合酶的结构特征如何影响其在负链RNA病毒中的转录和复制机制?
- 在负链RNA病毒中,RNA聚合酶的结构差异如何影响病毒的致病性和传播能力?
- 通过对RNA聚合酶的结构研究,如何识别潜在的抗病毒药物靶点?
- 不同类型的负链RNA病毒的RNA聚合酶在结构上有哪些共性和差异?
- RNA聚合酶的帽结构获取机制如何影响病毒基因组的稳定性和表达?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
负链RNA病毒(NSVs)包括许多重要的人类和动物病原体,如流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、埃博拉病毒、麻疹病毒和狂犬病毒。它们的基因组由单链或多链RNA段组成,负责病毒的复制和转录。研究的主要目的是通过比较NSVs RNA聚合酶的高分辨率结构,揭示其在病毒转录和复制中的分子机制,并为抗病毒药物设计提供潜在靶点。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
研究使用了高分辨率的X射线晶体学和冷冻电子显微镜技术,分析了不同NSVs的RNA聚合酶结构。实验设计包括:
- 样本准备:克隆和表达不同病毒的RNA聚合酶。
- 结构解析:使用X射线晶体学和冷冻电子显微镜获得聚合酶的三维结构。
- 功能分析:研究RNA聚合酶的酶活性和与RNA的结合特性。
以下是技术路线的流程图:
关键结果和发现
- RNA聚合酶结构:NSVs RNA聚合酶具有250-450 kDa的分子量,主要由一个RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRP)域组成,结合多个功能域。
- 聚合酶的功能:NSVs的聚合酶能够进行去新合成5'帽结构和利用帽夺取机制启动转录。
- 结构多样性:不同NSVs的聚合酶显示出显著的结构差异,特别是在功能域的排列和灵活性方面。
主要结论/意义/创新性
研究揭示了NSVs RNA聚合酶的复杂结构和功能,为理解病毒的转录和复制机制提供了重要的结构基础。这些发现有助于识别新的抗病毒靶点,推动抗病毒药物的开发。
研究局限性和未来方向
尽管对sNSVs RNA聚合酶的理解有所提高,但对nsNSVs的研究仍较为薄弱。未来的研究应集中于以下几个方面:
- 深入探讨nsNSVs RNA聚合酶与RNA的结合机制。
- 研究聚合酶在转录和复制过程中的构象变化。
- 确定宿主因子在病毒转录和复制中的作用。
总结表
| 部分 | 内容 |
|---|---|
| 研究背景 | 负链RNA病毒引起多种人畜共患病,了解其机制对抗病毒药物开发至关重要。 |
| 主要方法 | 采用高分辨率结构解析技术,如X射线晶体学和冷冻电子显微镜。 |
| 关键结果 | 发现聚合酶的结构多样性和功能域的灵活性,揭示了帽夺取机制。 |
| 主要结论 | 研究为理解病毒复制提供了重要结构基础,助力新药开发。 |
| 研究局限 | 对nsNSVs的研究不足,需进一步探索其机制和宿主因子作用。 |
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