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An update on the immune landscape in lung and head and neck cancers.

文献信息

DOI10.3322/caac.21630
PMID32841388
期刊CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子232.4
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2020
被引次数88
关键词下咽肿瘤、喉部肿瘤、肺部肿瘤、医学肿瘤学
文献类型Journal Article, Review
ISSN0007-9235
页码505-517
期号70(6)
作者Jennifer W Carlisle, Conor E Steuer, Taofeek K Owonikoko, Nabil F Saba

一句话小结

本文综述了免疫疗法特别是PD-L1/PD-1检查点抑制剂在肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)治疗中的应用现状及未来方向,强调了这些免疫药物在转移性患者中的批准和潜在的早期应用前景。研究表明,合理的生物学基础和对患者反应性的选择可以提高免疫疗法的有效性,推动这一治疗策略在癌症治疗中的进一步发展。

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下咽肿瘤 · 喉部肿瘤 · 肺部肿瘤 · 医学肿瘤学

摘要

免疫疗法已经显著改变了癌症患者的治疗格局。程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)/程序性死亡1(PD-1)检查点抑制剂处于这一临床革命的前沿。目前,美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准了6种检查点抑制剂,用于大约18种不同组织类型的癌症。肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)是推动免疫疗法发展的两种疾病。目前,阿替利珠单抗、度伐利尤单抗、纳武利尤单抗和帕博利珠单抗均被用作不同阶段肺癌标准治疗的一部分。类似地,纳武利尤单抗和帕博利珠单抗在美国也获得了用于晚期转移性HNSCC的治疗批准。这一点尤为重要,因为肺癌是全球最常见且致死率最高的癌症,而HNSCC则是第六常见的癌症。目前,大部分免疫疗法药物的批准是针对已确诊的转移性患者。然而,研究仍在进行中,以评估这些药物在早期疾病中的应用。合理的生物学基础使我们有理由期待药物激活免疫系统在早期和小肿瘤中将是有效的。此外,选择更可能对免疫疗法产生反应的患者以及理解耐药性发展的原因是当前研究的重要领域。本综述的目的是提供对肺癌和HNSCC当前免疫格局及未来方向的概述。

英文摘要

Immunotherapy has dramatically changed the treatment landscape for patients with cancer. Programmed death-ligand 1/programmed death-1 checkpoint inhibitors have been in the forefront of this clinical revolution. Currently, there are 6 US Food and Drug Administration-approved checkpoint inhibitors for approximately 18 different histologic types of cancer. Lung cancer and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are 2 diseases that have led the way in the development of immunotherapy. Atezolizumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab are all currently used as part of standard-of-care treatment for different stages of lung cancer. Similarly, nivolumab and pembrolizumab have US regulatory approval as treatment for advanced metastatic HNSCC. This is significant because lung cancer represents the most common and most fatal cancer globally, and HNSCC is the sixth most common. Currently, most of the approvals for the use of immunotherapy agents are for patients diagnosed in the metastatic setting. However, research is ongoing to evaluate these drugs in earlier stage disease. There is plausible biological rationale to expect that pharmacologic activation of the immune system will be effective for early-stage and smaller tumors. In addition, selecting patients who are more likely to respond to immunotherapy and understanding why resistance develops are crucial areas of ongoing research. The objective of this review was to provide an overview of the current immune landscape and future directions in lung cancer and HNSCC.

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主要研究问题

  1. 在肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌的免疫治疗中,哪些新的生物标志物正在被研究以预测患者对免疫检查点抑制剂的反应?
  2. 除了已批准的免疫治疗药物外,还有哪些新兴的治疗策略或组合疗法在肺癌和头颈部癌症的临床试验中展现出潜力?
  3. 在早期阶段的肺癌和头颈部癌症中,如何评估免疫治疗的有效性与安全性,相关的临床试验结果如何?
  4. 对于那些对免疫治疗产生耐药的患者,目前有哪些研究方向或治疗方案被探索以克服这种耐药性?
  5. 在全球范围内,不同地区的肺癌和头颈部癌症患者在接受免疫治疗时是否存在显著的差异,影响因素有哪些?

核心洞察

1. 研究背景和目的

近年来,免疫治疗在癌症治疗中的革命性影响愈发明显,特别是程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)/程序性死亡1(PD-1)检查点抑制剂的应用,为多种癌症的治疗带来了新的希望。肺癌和头颈部鳞状细胞癌(HNSCC)是免疫治疗发展的重要领域。此研究旨在概述当前肺癌和HNSCC中的免疫环境,并探讨未来的研究方向,尤其关注免疫治疗在不同阶段疾病中的应用。

2. 主要方法和发现

本研究综述了现有的免疫治疗药物,特别是Atezolizumab、Durvalumab、Nivolumab和Pembrolizumab等在不同阶段肺癌和HNSCC患者中的应用。这些药物目前已获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)的批准,主要用于转移性晚期疾病的治疗。研究还指出,虽然现阶段大多数免疫治疗应用于转移性患者,但正在进行的研究试图评估这些药物在早期疾病中的效果,并探讨如何有效选择对免疫治疗反应较好的患者,以及抵抗机制的理解。

3. 核心结论

免疫治疗在肺癌和HNSCC中已成为标准治疗的一部分,尤其是在转移性疾病的管理上。然而,未来的研究将集中在免疫治疗的早期应用潜力及其对小肿瘤的疗效。此外,优化患者选择和深入理解免疫耐受机制将是推动免疫治疗成功的关键因素。

4. 研究意义和影响

该研究不仅提供了肺癌和HNSCC中免疫治疗的最新进展,还强调了未来研究的必要性和潜力,特别是在早期癌症治疗中的应用。这一领域的深入探讨可能会显著改善患者的预后,降低癌症的致死率,并为个体化治疗提供新的思路。随着对免疫系统的理解不断加深,未来的研究有望揭示更多有效的治疗策略,为癌症患者带来新的生机。

引用本文的文献

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  2. Recent updates on Sintilimab in solid tumor immunotherapy. - Xuhong Liu;Yong Yi - Biomarker research (2020)
  3. CCR4, CCR8, and P2RY14 as Prognostic Factors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Are Involved in the Remodeling of the Tumor Microenvironment. - Liangliang Meng;Xiaoxi He;Quan Hong;Bo Qiao;Xiao Zhang;Bin Wu;Xiaobo Zhang;Yingtian Wei;Jing Li;Zhaoxiang Ye;Yueyong Xiao - Frontiers in oncology (2021)
  4. The Prognostic Value of Circulating Soluble Programmed Death Ligand-1 in Cancers: A Meta-Analysis. - Pei Huang;Wei Hu;Ying Zhu;Yushen Wu;Huapeng Lin - Frontiers in oncology (2020)
  5. The Current Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Metastatic Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma. - Hong Yuan;Jing Liu;Jun Zhang - Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2021)
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  8. YKT6, as a potential predictor of prognosis and immunotherapy response for oral squamous cell carcinoma, is related to cell invasion, metastasis, and CD8+ T cell infiltration. - Zongcheng Yang;Guangxing Yan;Lixin Zheng;Wenchao Gu;Fen Liu;Wei Chen;Xiujie Cui;Yue Wang;Yaling Yang;Xiyan Chen;Yue Fu;Xin Xu - Oncoimmunology (2021)
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