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Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.3322/caac.21628 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 32729638 |
| 期刊 | CA: a cancer journal for clinicians |
| 影响因子 | 232.4 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2020 |
| 被引次数 | 406 |
| 关键词 | 宫颈肿瘤、宫颈新生物、指南、大规模筛查、预防与控制 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Practice Guideline |
| ISSN | 0007-9235 |
| 页码 | 321-346 |
| 期号 | 70(5) |
| 作者 | Elizabeth T H Fontham, Andrew M D Wolf, Timothy R Church, Ruth Etzioni, Christopher R Flowers, Abbe Herzig, Carmen E Guerra, Kevin C Oeffinger, Ya-Chen Tina Shih, Louise C Walter, Jane J Kim, Kimberly S Andrews, Carol E DeSantis, Stacey A Fedewa, Deana Manassaram-Baptiste, Debbie Saslow, Richard C Wender, Robert A Smith |
一句话小结
美国癌症协会更新了宫颈癌筛查建议,强调从25岁开始每5年进行主要HPV检测,并在特定情况下提供联合检测或仅细胞学检测的选项,建议停止筛查的标准也有所调整。此研究为宫颈癌筛查提供了更科学的指导,有助于提高筛查的有效性和精确性,降低宫颈癌的发生风险。
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宫颈肿瘤 · 宫颈新生物 · 指南 · 大规模筛查 · 预防与控制
摘要
美国癌症协会(ACS)建议,具有子宫颈的个体在25岁时开始进行宫颈癌筛查,并在65岁之前每5年进行一次主要人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)检测(首选);如果无法进行主要HPV检测,则25至65岁的个体应每5年进行一次联合检测(HPV检测与细胞学联合)或每3年进行一次仅细胞学检测(可接受)(强烈推荐)。ACS建议,超过65岁且在过去25年内没有宫颈上皮内瘤变2级或更严重疾病史,并且在过去10年内有充分记录的阴性筛查结果的个体,应停止所有宫颈癌筛查(合格建议)。这些新的筛查建议与2012年的建议在四个重要方面有所不同:1)首选筛查策略为每5年进行一次主要HPV检测,联合检测和仅细胞学检测在尚未获得美国食品药品监督管理局批准的主要HPV检测时可接受;2)建议开始筛查的年龄为25岁,而不是21岁;3)建议从25岁开始进行主要HPV检测以及在无法进行主要检测时的联合检测或仅细胞学检测,而不是30岁;4)该指南是过渡性的,即提供联合检测或仅细胞学检测的筛查选项,但一旦完全获得无障碍的宫颈癌筛查主要HPV检测,便应逐步淘汰这些选项。对其他相关问题的证据进行了审查,筛查间隔、年龄或停止筛查的标准、根据疫苗接种状态筛查或在子宫切除术后筛查的建议没有变化。对于HPV和/或细胞学检测结果呈阳性的个体,后续管理应遵循2019年美国阴道镜与宫颈病理学会针对异常宫颈癌筛查测试和癌前病变的风险管理共识指南。
英文摘要
The American Cancer Society (ACS) recommends that individuals with a cervix initiate cervical cancer screening at age 25 years and undergo primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing every 5 years through age 65 years (preferred); if primary HPV testing is not available, then individuals aged 25 to 65 years should be screened with cotesting (HPV testing in combination with cytology) every 5 years or cytology alone every 3 years (acceptable) (strong recommendation). The ACS recommends that individuals aged >65 years who have no history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more severe disease within the past 25 years, and who have documented adequate negative prior screening in the prior 10 years, discontinue all cervical cancer screening (qualified recommendation). These new screening recommendations differ in 4 important respects compared with the 2012 recommendations: 1) The preferred screening strategy is primary HPV testing every 5 years, with cotesting and cytology alone acceptable where access to US Food and Drug Administration-approved primary HPV testing is not yet available; 2) the recommended age to start screening is 25 years rather than 21 years; 3) primary HPV testing, as well as cotesting or cytology alone when primary testing is not available, is recommended starting at age 25 years rather than age 30 years; and 4) the guideline is transitional, ie, options for screening with cotesting or cytology alone are provided but should be phased out once full access to primary HPV testing for cervical cancer screening is available without barriers. Evidence related to other relevant issues was reviewed, and no changes were made to recommendations for screening intervals, age or criteria for screening cessation, screening based on vaccination status, or screening after hysterectomy. Follow-up for individuals who screen positive for HPV and/or cytology should be in accordance with the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology risk-based management consensus guidelines for abnormal cervical cancer screening tests and cancer precursors.
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主要研究问题
- 在新的筛查指南中,为什么选择25岁作为开始筛查的年龄,而不是21岁?
- 该指南中提到的“过渡性”筛查选项具体是指什么?未来的实施计划是什么?
- 针对不同人群,特别是有疫苗接种史的个体,新的筛查推荐有什么变化或考虑?
- 在缺乏FDA批准的主要HPV检测的情况下,推荐的联合检测和细胞学检测的有效性如何?
- 对于65岁以上的个体,如何评估他们是否应继续进行宫颈癌筛查?
核心洞察
1. 研究背景和目的
宫颈癌是全球女性中常见的癌症之一,而人乳头状瘤病毒(HPV)感染是其主要病因。为了降低宫颈癌的发病率和死亡率,定期筛查显得尤为重要。美国癌症学会(ACS)在2020年更新了针对平均风险个体的宫颈癌筛查指南,旨在为适龄女性提供科学、有效的筛查策略,以便更好地预防宫颈癌的发生。
2. 主要方法和发现
ACS建议,从25岁开始,个体应每5年接受一次主要的HPV检测,直至65岁(优先推荐)。如果无法进行主要HPV检测,则25至65岁的人群可以选择每5年进行HPV与细胞学联合检测(cotesting)或每3年进行细胞学检测(可接受)。对于65岁以上且在过去25年内没有宫颈上皮内瘤(CIN)2级或更严重病史,并且在过去10年内有过充分负面筛查记录的个体,建议停止所有宫颈癌筛查(有条件推荐)。与2012年指南相比,2020年更新的指南主要有四个变化:1)首选筛查策略为每5年一次的主要HPV检测;2)开始筛查的年龄由21岁调整为25岁;3)推荐在25岁而非30岁时进行主要HPV检测、cotesting或细胞学检测;4)该指南为过渡性,预计一旦全面获得无障碍的主要HPV检测,将逐步淘汰cotesting和细胞学检测。
3. 核心结论
2020年ACS的宫颈癌筛查指南强调了主要HPV检测的重要性,并通过调整筛查起始年龄及频率,为女性提供了更为有效的筛查策略。这一变更不仅符合最新的科学研究,也反映了对宫颈癌早期预防和检测的重视。
4. 研究意义和影响
本研究的更新对公共卫生政策具有重要意义,可能会大幅度提升宫颈癌的早期发现率,进而降低其发病率和死亡率。通过推广主要HPV检测,ACS期望能够提高筛查的便利性和有效性,同时减少对资源的浪费。该指南的实施将促使更多女性参与筛查,从而加强对宫颈癌的防控。此外,随着技术进步和检测可获取性的提高,未来可望实现更广泛的HPV检测覆盖,进一步提升女性健康水平。
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- Screening for Cervical Cancer. - Terresa J Eun;Rebecca B Perkins - The Medical clinics of North America (2020)
- Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines in the Postvaccination Era: Review of the Literature. - Carlo A Liverani;Jacopo Di Giuseppe;Luca Giannella;Giovanni Delli Carpini;Andrea Ciavattini - Journal of oncology (2020)
- Cotesting in Cervical Cancer Screening. - Douglas P Malinowski;Molly Broache;Laurence Vaughan;Jeff Andrews;Devin Gary;Harvey W Kaufman;Damian P Alagia;Zhen Chen;Agnieszka Onisko;R Marshall Austin - American journal of clinical pathology (2021)
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