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Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020.

文献信息

DOI10.3322/caac.21601
PMID32133645
期刊CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子232.4
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2020
被引次数2529
关键词结肠和直肠肿瘤、流行病学、健康差异、筛查和早期发现
文献类型Journal Article, Multicenter Study
ISSN0007-9235
页码145-164
期号70(3)
作者Rebecca L Siegel, Kimberly D Miller, Ann Goding Sauer, Stacey A Fedewa, Lynn F Butterly, Joseph C Anderson, Andrea Cercek, Robert A Smith, Ahmedin Jemal

一句话小结

结直肠癌(CRC)是美国第二大癌症死亡原因,预计到2020年将有约147,950人被诊断,其中53,200人死亡,且50岁以下个体的发病率逐年上升。研究表明,改善筛查和高质量治疗的可及性,尤其是在阿拉斯加土著居民中,能够加速结直肠癌的防治进展。

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结肠和直肠肿瘤 · 流行病学 · 健康差异 · 筛查和早期发现

摘要

结直肠癌(CRC)是美国第二大癌症死亡原因。美国癌症协会每三年更新一次基于人口癌症登记处的发病率数据(截至2016年)和来自国家卫生统计中心的死亡率数据(截至2017年)的结直肠癌发生情况。预计到2020年,将有约147,950人被诊断为结直肠癌,其中53,200人将因该疾病而死亡,包括在50岁以下的个体中有17,930例和3,640例死亡。在2012年至2016年期间,发病率在不同种族中存在差异,亚裔/太平洋岛民为每10万人30例,黑人为45.7例,阿拉斯加土著居民为89例。在2000年代,筛查年龄段个体的发病率迅速下降,这一趋势在2011年至2016年期间继续,65岁及以上人群每年下降3.3%,而在50至64岁人群中则出现反弹,年发病率上升1%。在50岁以下的个体中,近端和远端结肠及直肠肿瘤的发病率每年约增加2%,这一趋势主要受到非西班牙裔白人影响。从2008年至2017年,65岁及以上的人群中,结直肠癌死亡率每年下降3%,50至64岁人群中下降0.6%,但50岁以下人群中每年则上升1.3%。在50岁及以上个体中,黑人群体的死亡率下降幅度最大,且在50岁以下人群中也只有黑人群体出现下降趋势,而美国印第安人/阿拉斯加土著居民的死亡率保持稳定。通过提高对指南推荐的筛查和高质量治疗的可及性,特别是在阿拉斯加土著居民中,以及阐明年轻和中年人群发病率上升的原因,可以加速对结直肠癌的防治进展。

英文摘要

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States. Every 3 years, the American Cancer Society provides an update of CRC occurrence based on incidence data (available through 2016) from population-based cancer registries and mortality data (through 2017) from the National Center for Health Statistics. In 2020, approximately 147,950 individuals will be diagnosed with CRC and 53,200 will die from the disease, including 17,930 cases and 3,640 deaths in individuals aged younger than 50 years. The incidence rate during 2012 through 2016 ranged from 30 (per 100,000 persons) in Asian/Pacific Islanders to 45.7 in blacks and 89 in Alaska Natives. Rapid declines in incidence among screening-aged individuals during the 2000s continued during 2011 through 2016 in those aged 65 years and older (by 3.3% annually) but reversed in those aged 50 to 64 years, among whom rates increased by 1% annually. Among individuals aged younger than 50 years, the incidence rate increased by approximately 2% annually for tumors in the proximal and distal colon, as well as the rectum, driven by trends in non-Hispanic whites. CRC death rates during 2008 through 2017 declined by 3% annually in individuals aged 65 years and older and by 0.6% annually in individuals aged 50 to 64 years while increasing by 1.3% annually in those aged younger than 50 years. Mortality declines among individuals aged 50 years and older were steepest among blacks, who also had the only decreasing trend among those aged younger than 50 years, and excluded American Indians/Alaska Natives, among whom rates remained stable. Progress against CRC can be accelerated by increasing access to guideline-recommended screening and high-quality treatment, particularly among Alaska Natives, and elucidating causes for rising incidence in young and middle-aged adults.

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主要研究问题

  1. 在不同种族群体中,结直肠癌的发病率差异有哪些具体表现,如何影响早期筛查策略?
  2. 年轻人结直肠癌发病率上升的潜在原因是什么,是否与生活方式或饮食习惯有关?
  3. 针对50岁以下人群的结直肠癌筛查建议有哪些,现行指南是否足够?
  4. 如何评估不同地区(如阿拉斯加原住民地区)对结直肠癌治疗和筛查的可及性差异?
  5. 近年来结直肠癌死亡率下降的主要因素是什么,这种趋势是否会持续?

核心洞察

1. 研究背景和目的

结直肠癌(CRC)是美国第二大癌症死亡原因,给公共健康带来了重大挑战。为了了解CRC的发生和死亡趋势,美国癌症学会每三年更新一次相关统计数据。本研究的目的是分析2020年CRC的发病率和死亡率,特别关注不同年龄段和种族群体之间的差异,以及评估筛查和治疗的有效性。

2. 主要方法和发现

本研究依赖于2016年之前的癌症登记数据和2017年的死亡数据,收集了CRC的发病和死亡统计。预计2020年将有约147,950人被诊断为CRC,53,200人因此死亡,其中包括17,930个病例和3,640个死亡发生在50岁以下的年轻人。研究发现,2012至2016年间,CRC的发病率在不同种族间存在显著差异:亚太岛民的发病率为每10万人30例,而黑人为45.7例,阿拉斯加土著人达89例。此外,65岁及以上的老年人CRC发病率在2011至2016年期间年均下降3.3%,而50至64岁人群的发病率则年均上升1%。年轻人(50岁以下)的发病率持续上升,年均增长约2%。

死亡率方面,2008至2017年间,65岁及以上人群的死亡率年均下降3%,50至64岁组下降0.6%,而50岁以下人群则年均上升1.3%。黑人群体在50岁以下的死亡率有所下降,而美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加土著人则保持稳定。

3. 核心结论

研究表明,虽然老年人群体的CRC发病和死亡率正在下降,但年轻人群体的发病率却在上升,尤其是在非西班牙裔白人中。尽管整体死亡率有所改善,但年轻人群体的死亡率上升显示出对CRC的防治工作仍需加强。这一趋势强调了加强CRC筛查和治疗的必要性,尤其是针对阿拉斯加土著人群体。

4. 研究意义和影响

本研究体现了CRC发病率和死亡率在不同年龄段和种族间的复杂性,呼吁各界重视年轻患者的CRC风险,并采取措施改善筛查和治疗的可及性。通过增加对青年人群体的关注和资源投入,可以有效减少CRC的发生和死亡率,最终推动公共健康的改善。此外,研究结果为政策制定者提供了数据支持,以优化资源分配和制定更有效的癌症防控策略。

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