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Enhancing global access to cancer medicines.

文献信息

DOI10.3322/caac.21597
PMID32068901
期刊CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
影响因子232.4
JCR 分区Q1
发表年份2020
被引次数97
关键词抗肿瘤药物、药物监管、医疗服务可及性、免疫调节、价格
文献类型Journal Article, Review
ISSN0007-9235
页码105-124
期号70(2)
作者Javier Cortes, Jose Manuel Perez-García, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, Giuseppe Curigliano, Nagi S El Saghir, Fatima Cardoso, Carlos H Barrios, Shama Wagle, Javier Roman, Nadia Harbeck, Alexandru Eniu, Peter A Kaufman, Josep Tabernero, Laura García-Estévez, Peter Schmid, Joaquín Arribas

一句话小结

该研究探讨了全球癌症药物获取的障碍,指出即使基本癌症药物被纳入国家药物清单,仍因成本、基础设施薄弱和质量保障不足等因素影响其使用。文章提出通过提供全民健康覆盖、优化定价和改善供应链等策略,来提升癌症治疗的可及性和效果,强调了对相关服务的投资和生物标志物的需求,以提高治疗的精准性和效率。

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抗肿瘤药物 · 药物监管 · 医疗服务可及性 · 免疫调节 · 价格

摘要

全球范围内,癌症是第二大死亡原因,其死亡人数远远超过人类免疫缺陷病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症、结核病和疟疾的总和。及时的诊断、可负担且有效的治疗以及高质量护理的有限获得是导致国家之间以及国家内部癌症生存率差异的一些因素。本文作者探讨了阻碍癌症药物(特别是基本癌症药物)获取的各种因素。即使一款基本癌症药物被纳入国家药物清单,其成本也可能阻碍其使用,可能会出现开处方或使用不当的情况,薄弱的基础设施可能使得能够受益的人无法获得,或者质量可能无法得到保障。文章讨论了解决获取问题的潜在策略,包括为基本癌症药物提供全民健康覆盖、更公平的癌症药物定价方法、降低开发成本、优化监管以及改善全球供应链的可靠性。优化癌症治疗的时间表不仅可以降低成本,还可以减少不良事件,并改善获取途径。需要更多更好的生物标志物来针对那些最有可能从癌症药物中受益的患者。癌症药物的最佳使用依赖于多个与肿瘤学相关服务的有效提供(包括实验室、影像学、外科手术和放疗)。在癌症护理的各个方面进行投资是必要的,从这些支持性服务到技术,以及医疗工作者和其他工作人员的培训。

英文摘要

Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of death, with numbers greatly exceeding those for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, tuberculosis, and malaria combined. Limited access to timely diagnosis, to affordable, effective treatment, and to high-quality care are just some of the factors that lead to disparities in cancer survival between countries and within countries. In this article, the authors consider various factors that prevent access to cancer medicines (particularly access to essential cancer medicines). Even if an essential cancer medicine is included on a national medicines list, cost might preclude its use, it might be prescribed or used inappropriately, weak infrastructure might prevent it being accessed by those who could benefit, or quality might not be guaranteed. Potential strategies to address the access problems are discussed, including universal health coverage for essential cancer medicines, fairer methods for pricing cancer medicines, reducing development costs, optimizing regulation, and improving reliability in the global supply chain. Optimizing schedules for cancer therapy could reduce not only costs, but also adverse events, and improve access. More and better biomarkers are required to target patients who are most likely to benefit from cancer medicines. The optimum use of cancer medicines depends on the effective delivery of several services allied to oncology (including laboratory, imaging, surgery, and radiotherapy). Investment is necessary in all aspects of cancer care, from these supportive services to technologies, and the training of health care workers and other staff.

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主要研究问题

  1. 在不同国家中,哪些政策可以有效提升癌症药物的可及性?
  2. 如何评估癌症药物定价对患者获得治疗的影响?
  3. 针对低收入国家,哪些具体措施可以改善癌症药物的供应链?
  4. 在癌症治疗中,如何优化患者筛查和诊断流程以提高药物的使用效率?
  5. 如何通过技术创新降低癌症药物的研发成本,从而提升全球可及性?

核心洞察

1. 研究背景和目的

癌症已成为全球第二大死亡原因,其死亡人数超过了艾滋病、结核病和疟疾等疾病的总和。尽管癌症治疗的科学技术不断进步,但全球范围内仍存在显著的癌症药物获取不平等现象。文章旨在探讨影响癌症药物(特别是基础癌症药物)获取的各种因素,分析这些因素如何导致不同国家及国家内部的癌症生存率差异,并提出改善全球癌症药物获取的策略。

2. 主要方法和发现

文章通过文献综述和政策分析,识别了多种阻碍癌症药物获取的因素,包括费用高昂、处方不当、基础设施薄弱和药品质量不保障等。即使某些基础癌症药物被列入国家药品清单,患者依然可能因经济原因无法获得。此外,文章还探讨了优化癌症治疗的调度、开发更多的生物标志物以精准定位受益患者、提升相关医疗服务的有效性等策略。

3. 核心结论

为了解决癌症药物获取问题,文章提出了多个策略,包括推动全民健康覆盖以确保基础癌症药物的获取、采用更公平的药品定价策略、降低研发成本、优化监管流程以及改善全球供应链的可靠性。有效的癌症药物使用不仅需要药物本身的可及性,还依赖于相关医疗服务(如实验室、影像学、外科和放疗等)的有效交付。此外,通过优化治疗方案,可以降低成本、减少不良事件并改善患者的药物获取。

4. 研究意义和影响

本研究揭示了全球癌症药物获取不平等的深层次原因,并提供了解决这些问题的多维度策略,对政策制定者、医疗机构和制药行业具有重要的参考价值。通过改善癌症药物的可获取性,不仅可以提升全球范围内的癌症生存率,还能推动公共健康的整体改善,促进全球健康公平。研究强调了在癌症治疗中综合性投资的重要性,包括人员培训和基础设施建设,旨在为实现更有效的癌症治疗提供指导。

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