Appearance
Bacterial biopolymers: from pathogenesis to advanced materials.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/s41579-019-0313-3 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 31992873 |
| 期刊 | Nature reviews. Microbiology |
| 影响因子 | 103.3 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2020 |
| 被引次数 | 122 |
| 关键词 | 细菌生物聚合物, 致病性, 合成生物学, 材料特性 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Review |
| ISSN | 1740-1526 |
| 页码 | 195-210 |
| 期号 | 18(4) |
| 作者 | M Fata Moradali, Bernd H A Rehm |
一句话小结
本综述探讨了细菌作为细胞工厂在合成多样生物聚合物中的重要性,强调这些聚合物在致病性及其在医疗和工业应用中的潜力。研究揭示了聚合物合成的分子机制,为抗菌药物开发和合成生物学方法设计提供了新思路。
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摘要
细菌是主要的细胞工厂,能够高效地将碳和氮源转化为多种多样的细胞内和细胞外生物聚合物,如多糖、聚酰胺、聚酯、聚磷酸盐、细胞外DNA和蛋白质成分。细菌聚合物在致病性中扮演着重要角色,其多样的化学和材料特性使其适用于医疗和工业应用。当由致病细菌产生时,这些生物聚合物作为主要的毒力因子发挥作用,而当由非致病细菌产生时,则成为食品成分或生物材料。跨学科的研究揭示了细菌聚合物合成的分子机制,识别了抗菌药物的新靶点,并为合成生物学方法提供了指导,以设计和制造创新材料。本综述总结了细菌聚合物在致病中的作用、其合成及材料特性,以及设计细胞工厂以生产适合高价值应用的定制生物基材料的方法。
英文摘要
Bacteria are prime cell factories that can efficiently convert carbon and nitrogen sources into a large diversity of intracellular and extracellular biopolymers, such as polysaccharides, polyamides, polyesters, polyphosphates, extracellular DNA and proteinaceous components. Bacterial polymers have important roles in pathogenicity, and their varied chemical and material properties make them suitable for medical and industrial applications. The same biopolymers when produced by pathogenic bacteria function as major virulence factors, whereas when they are produced by non-pathogenic bacteria, they become food ingredients or biomaterials. Interdisciplinary research has shed light on the molecular mechanisms of bacterial polymer synthesis, identified new targets for antibacterial drugs and informed synthetic biology approaches to design and manufacture innovative materials. This Review summarizes the role of bacterial polymers in pathogenesis, their synthesis and their material properties as well as approaches to design cell factories for production of tailor-made bio-based materials suitable for high-value applications.
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主要研究问题
- 除了病原性,细菌生物聚合物在其他领域有哪些重要应用?
- 在合成生物学中,如何利用细菌生物聚合物的特性来设计新型材料?
- 细菌生物聚合物的合成机制有哪些关键步骤,如何影响其在医学和工业中的应用?
- 不同类型的细菌生物聚合物在物理和化学性质上有什么显著差异?
- 在开发针对细菌生物聚合物的抗菌药物时,研究者应关注哪些新的靶点?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
细菌生物聚合物在病原性和材料科学中具有重要作用。这些聚合物能够有效地将碳和氮源转化为多种细胞内和细胞外的生物聚合物,如多糖、聚酰胺、聚酯和聚磷酸盐。研究旨在总结细菌聚合物在病原性中的角色、其合成机制、材料特性以及设计细胞工厂以生产高价值生物基材料的方法。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
研究采用了以下方法:
- 文献回顾:对细菌聚合物的生物合成、功能及其在医学和工业应用中的潜力进行了系统的文献综述。
- 合成生物学和系统生物学:利用基因组测序、功能基因组学及分子生物学工具来理解细菌聚合物的合成途径和调控机制。
- 细胞工厂设计:通过合成生物学手段,设计工程细胞以提高聚合物的产量和功能。
关键结果和发现
聚合物的种类与功能:
- 多糖:如藻酸盐和纤维素,具有重要的生物相容性和药物递送潜力。
- 聚酰胺:如聚γ-谷氨酸,表现出优异的生物降解性和非毒性。
- 聚酯:如聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA),可用于生物塑料和医疗材料。
- 聚磷酸盐:在能量存储和信号调节中发挥关键作用。
聚合物在病原性中的作用:细菌聚合物作为主要的毒力因子,能够帮助细菌抵抗宿主免疫系统和抗生素。
主要结论/意义/创新性
细菌聚合物不仅在病原性中扮演关键角色,还为开发新型生物基材料提供了广阔的前景。通过合成生物学手段设计的细胞工厂,能够有效地生产定制的高价值聚合物,为医疗和工业应用提供可持续的解决方案。
研究局限性和未来方向
- 局限性:目前对某些细菌聚合物的合成机制仍不够了解,且生产成本高,限制了其商业化应用。
- 未来方向:需要开发新的合成途径和优化细胞工厂,以提高聚合物的产量和纯度。同时,标准化安全评估流程以确保生物材料的安全性和有效性。
通过这些研究,未来的目标是推动细菌聚合物的应用,从而为抗生素耐药性和其他医疗挑战提供新的解决方案。
参考文献
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- Alginate Polymerization and Modification Are Linked in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. - M Fata Moradali;Ivan Donati;Ian M Sims;Shirin Ghods;Bernd H A Rehm - mBio (2015)
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