Appearance
Sulfur metabolites in the pelagic ocean.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/s41579-019-0250-1 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 31485034 |
| 期刊 | Nature reviews. Microbiology |
| 影响因子 | 103.3 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2019 |
| 被引次数 | 61 |
| 关键词 | 硫代谢物, 海洋微生物, 有机硫化合物, 生态联系 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review |
| ISSN | 1740-1526 |
| 页码 | 665-678 |
| 期号 | 17(11) |
| 作者 | Mary Ann Moran, Bryndan P Durham |
一句话小结
本综述探讨了海洋微生物在硫元素循环中的关键作用,特别是有机硫化合物如何作为海洋浮游植物与细菌之间的重要化学纽带。研究表明,浮游植物通过分泌和细胞溶解机制释放的硫代谢物被细菌迅速吸收,促进了生态系统内的物质循环和能量转化,强调了微生物对于海洋生态平衡的重要性。
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摘要
海洋微生物在地球元素循环中发挥着至关重要的作用,主要通过有机物的生产和消耗。其中,硫元素的命运受到微生物活动的主导,是生物量的重要成分,也是气候过程中的关键因素。尽管无机形式的硫在海洋中已经得到了广泛研究,但有机硫化合物正在成为海洋浮游植物与细菌之间的重要化学纽带。海水中无机硫的高浓度可以被浮游植物迅速还原,提供了合成生物分子所需的自由硫源。诸如分泌和细胞溶解等机制将这些来自浮游植物的硫代谢物释放到海水中,海洋细菌和古菌能够迅速吸收这些物质。能量受限的细菌利用收集到的硫代谢物作为底物,或用于合成维生素、辅因子、信号化合物和抗生素。在本综述中,我们将探讨微生物释放到海洋溶解有机物池中以及从中吸收的硫代谢物的当前知识,以及它们在结构、氧化态和化学性质上的多样性所促进的生态联系。
英文摘要
Marine microorganisms play crucial roles in Earth's element cycles through the production and consumption of organic matter. One of the elements whose fate is governed by microbial activities is sulfur, an essential constituent of biomass and a crucial player in climate processes. With sulfur already being well studied in the ocean in its inorganic forms, organic sulfur compounds are emerging as important chemical links between marine phytoplankton and bacteria. The high concentration of inorganic sulfur in seawater, which can readily be reduced by phytoplankton, provides a freely available source of sulfur for biomolecule synthesis. Mechanisms such as exudation and cell lysis release these phytoplankton-derived sulfur metabolites into seawater, from which they are rapidly assimilated by marine bacteria and archaea. Energy-limited bacteria use scavenged sulfur metabolites as substrates or for the synthesis of vitamins, cofactors, signalling compounds and antibiotics. In this Review, we examine the current knowledge of sulfur metabolites released into and taken up from the marine dissolved organic matter pool by microorganisms, and the ecological links facilitated by their diversity in structures, oxidation states and chemistry.
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主要研究问题
- 有机硫化合物在海洋微生物之间的相互作用如何影响海洋生态系统的健康?
- 硫代谢物在海洋食物链中的作用是什么,特别是在浮游植物和细菌之间的转移?
- 海洋中硫代谢物的多样性如何影响其在气候变化过程中的作用?
- 硫化合物的释放机制(如细胞溶解和外排)对海洋微生物群落的组成有何影响?
- 能量有限的细菌如何有效利用硫代谢物作为底物来合成维生素和抗生素?
核心洞察
1. 研究背景和目的
本研究关注海洋微生物在地球元素循环中的重要角色,特别是硫元素的循环。硫是生物质的重要组成部分,并在气候过程中扮演关键角色。尽管硫的无机形式在海洋中已经得到广泛研究,但有机硫化合物作为海洋浮游植物与细菌之间的重要化学纽带,尚待深入探讨。研究的目的是揭示海洋微生物如何通过硫代谢物的生产和消费影响海洋生态系统及其元素循环。
2. 主要方法和发现
研究主要通过文献综述的方式,分析了硫代谢物在海洋溶解有机物池中的释放与吸收过程。发现海水中无机硫浓度较高,浮游植物能够有效利用这些无机硫进行生物分子合成,进而通过细胞外排和细胞裂解等机制将硫代谢物释放到海水中。这些代谢物被海洋细菌和古菌迅速吸收,成为它们的底物或用于合成维生素、辅因子、信号分子和抗生素等。
3. 核心结论
研究表明,浮游植物与细菌之间通过硫代谢物形成了复杂的生态联系。硫代谢物的多样性在结构、氧化态和化学性质上对海洋微生物的生长和代谢有重要影响。这些化合物不仅是营养来源,也是微生物间相互作用的重要媒介,影响着整个海洋生态系统的功能和稳定性。
4. 研究意义和影响
本研究揭示了有机硫化合物在海洋生态系统中的重要性,填补了关于硫代谢物在海洋微生物相互作用中的理解空白。它强调了微生物在地球硫循环中的关键角色,可能对气候变化及海洋健康产生深远影响。通过了解这些化合物的生态功能,可以为未来的海洋生态保护和管理提供科学依据,同时促进对海洋生物化学过程的进一步研究。
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