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In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/nature14299 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 25830891 |
| 期刊 | Nature |
| 影响因子 | 48.5 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2015 |
| 被引次数 | 1425 |
| 关键词 | 基因组编辑, 金黄色葡萄球菌Cas9, 腺相关病毒, Pcsk9, 体内编辑 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| 页码 | 186-91 |
| 期号 | 520(7546) |
| 作者 | F Ann Ran, Le Cong, Winston X Yan, David A Scott, Jonathan S Gootenberg, Andrea J Kriz, Bernd Zetsche, Ophir Shalem, Xuebing Wu, Kira S Makarova, Eugene V Koonin, Phillip A Sharp, Feng Zhang |
一句话小结
本研究分析了来自金黄色葡萄球菌的较小Cas9同源物(SaCas9),发现其在基因组编辑中表现出与常用的化脓性链球菌Cas9(SpCas9)相似的效率,同时其体积更小,适合使用腺相关病毒(AAV)传递。通过在小鼠肝脏中靶向胆固醇调节基因Pcsk9,研究证明了SaCas9在体内基因组编辑中的高效性和特异性,为基因治疗提供了新的可能性。
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基因组编辑 · 金黄色葡萄球菌Cas9 · 腺相关病毒 · Pcsk9 · 体内编辑
摘要
RNA引导的内切酶Cas9已成为一种多功能基因组编辑平台。然而,来自化脓性链球菌(Streptococcus pyogenes)的常用Cas9(SpCas9)的大小限制了其在基础研究和治疗应用中的实用性,尤其是在使用高度多功能的腺相关病毒(AAV)传递载体时。在此,我们对六种较小的Cas9同源物进行了特征分析,并显示来自金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)的Cas9(SaCas9)能够以与SpCas9相似的效率编辑基因组,且其长度减少了超过1千碱基对。我们将SaCas9及其单导向RNA表达载体包装成单一AAV载体,并在小鼠肝脏中靶向胆固醇调节基因Pcsk9。在注射后一周内,我们观察到超过40%的基因修饰,同时伴随血清Pcsk9和总胆固醇水平显著下降。我们进一步使用BLESS评估SaCas9和SpCas9的全基因组靶向特异性,并证明SaCas9介导的体内基因组编辑具有高效性和特异性。
英文摘要
The RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 has emerged as a versatile genome-editing platform. However, the size of the commonly used Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) limits its utility for basic research and therapeutic applications that use the highly versatile adeno-associated virus (AAV) delivery vehicle. Here, we characterize six smaller Cas9 orthologues and show that Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9) can edit the genome with efficiencies similar to those of SpCas9, while being more than 1 kilobase shorter. We packaged SaCas9 and its single guide RNA expression cassette into a single AAV vector and targeted the cholesterol regulatory gene Pcsk9 in the mouse liver. Within one week of injection, we observed >40% gene modification, accompanied by significant reductions in serum Pcsk9 and total cholesterol levels. We further assess the genome-wide targeting specificity of SaCas9 and SpCas9 using BLESS, and demonstrate that SaCas9-mediated in vivo genome editing has the potential to be efficient and specific.
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主要研究问题
- Staphylococcus aureus Cas9在其他基因编辑应用中表现如何,与SpCas9相比有哪些优势?
- 在使用SaCas9进行体内基因编辑时,如何确保其靶向特异性和减少脱靶效应?
- 未来在基因治疗中,SaCas9可能面临哪些技术挑战和伦理问题?
- 除了Pcsk9,SaCas9还可以靶向哪些其他基因,潜在的治疗效果如何?
- 使用AAV载体进行SaCas9基因编辑的最佳策略是什么,有哪些优化的建议?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
CRISPR-Cas9技术作为一种强大的基因组编辑工具,广泛应用于生物医学研究。然而,常用的Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9(SpCas9)因其较大的体积限制了其在基因治疗中的应用。本文旨在探索较小的Cas9变体,特别是来自Staphylococcus aureus的Cas9(SaCas9),并评估其在体内基因编辑中的有效性和特异性。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
本研究采用了以下关键步骤:
- Cas9正交体筛选:通过比较600多个Cas9正交体,筛选出六种较小的Cas9,其中SaCas9被选中进行进一步研究。
- sgRNA设计:为SaCas9设计特定的单导RNA(sgRNA),并确定其与目标DNA结合所需的PAM序列。
- 体外剪切实验:在293FT细胞中测试不同Cas9正交体的剪切效率,评估SaCas9的有效性。
- BLESS技术应用:使用BLESS(直接原位断裂标记、富集和下一代测序)方法评估SaCas9和SpCas9的全基因组靶向特异性。
- 体内实验:将SaCas9和sgRNA包装到腺相关病毒(AAV)载体中,注射到小鼠体内,针对胆固醇调节基因Pcsk9进行基因编辑。
关键结果和发现
- Cas9剪切效率:SaCas9在293FT细胞中显示出与SpCas9相似的剪切效率,且体积小于1kb。
- 基因编辑效果:在小鼠肝脏中,使用SaCas9针对Pcsk9基因进行的编辑,1周内观察到超过40%的基因修饰,伴随血清Pcsk9和总胆固醇显著下降。
- 靶向特异性:BLESS分析表明,SaCas9在体内的靶向特异性较高,未检测到显著的脱靶效应。
主要结论/意义/创新性
本研究首次展示了SaCas9作为一种小型、高效的基因组编辑工具在体内应用的潜力。通过将SaCas9与sgRNA包装在单一AAV载体中,研究为基因治疗提供了一种新的方法,特别是在需要较小载体的应用中。此外,使用BLESS技术的无偏见评估方法为理解Cas9的靶向特异性提供了新的视角。
研究局限性和未来方向
- 局限性:虽然SaCas9在体内的特异性较高,但仍需在更大样本量的动物模型中进一步验证其长期安全性和有效性。
- 未来方向:后续研究将致力于优化SaCas9的靶向能力,探索其他小型Cas9变体,并评估其在不同疾病模型中的应用潜力。此外,开发新的评估技术以更全面地识别潜在的脱靶效应也至关重要。
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引用本文的文献
- High-throughput functional genomics using CRISPR-Cas9. - Ophir Shalem;Neville E Sanjana;Feng Zhang - Nature reviews. Genetics (2015)
- Measuring and Reducing Off-Target Activities of Programmable Nucleases Including CRISPR-Cas9. - Taeyoung Koo;Jungjoon Lee;Jin-Soo Kim - Molecules and cells (2015)
- CRISPR/Cas9 cleavage of viral DNA efficiently suppresses hepatitis B virus. - Vyas Ramanan;Amir Shlomai;David B T Cox;Robert E Schwartz;Eleftherios Michailidis;Ankit Bhatta;David A Scott;Feng Zhang;Charles M Rice;Sangeeta N Bhatia - Scientific reports (2015)
- Precision cancer mouse models through genome editing with CRISPR-Cas9. - Haiwei Mou;Zachary Kennedy;Daniel G Anderson;Hao Yin;Wen Xue - Genome medicine (2015)
- Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. - Detlef Bockenhauer;Daniel G Bichet - Nature reviews. Nephrology (2015)
- Development of an intein-mediated split-Cas9 system for gene therapy. - Dong-Jiunn Jeffery Truong;Karin Kühner;Ralf Kühn;Stanislas Werfel;Stefan Engelhardt;Wolfgang Wurst;Oskar Ortiz - Nucleic acids research (2015)
- Adenovirus-Mediated Somatic Genome Editing of Pten by CRISPR/Cas9 in Mouse Liver in Spite of Cas9-Specific Immune Responses. - Dan Wang;Haiwei Mou;Shaoyong Li;Yingxiang Li;Soren Hough;Karen Tran;Jia Li;Hao Yin;Daniel G Anderson;Erik J Sontheimer;Zhiping Weng;Guangping Gao;Wen Xue - Human gene therapy (2015)
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- Application of CRISPR/Cas9 for biomedical discoveries. - Sean M Riordan;Daniel P Heruth;Li Q Zhang;Shui Qing Ye - Cell & bioscience (2015)
- Expression of CRISPR/Cas single guide RNAs using small tRNA promoters. - Adam L Mefferd;Anand V R Kornepati;Hal P Bogerd;Edward M Kennedy;Bryan R Cullen - RNA (New York, N.Y.) (2015)
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