Appearance
Reach and grasp by people with tetraplegia using a neurally controlled robotic arm.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/nature11076 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 22596161 |
| 期刊 | Nature |
| 影响因子 | 48.5 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2012 |
| 被引次数 | 823 |
| 关键词 | 神经接口系统, 四肢瘫痪, 机器人手臂, 运动皮层, 三维抓取 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| 页码 | 372-5 |
| 期号 | 485(7398) |
| 作者 | Leigh R Hochberg, Daniel Bacher, Beata Jarosiewicz, Nicolas Y Masse, John D Simeral, Joern Vogel, Sami Haddadin, Jie Liu, Sydney S Cash, Patrick van der Smagt, John P Donoghue |
一句话小结
本研究探讨了神经接口系统在长期四肢瘫痪患者中的应用,结果显示两名参与者成功利用微电极阵列解码的运动皮层神经元信号执行三维伸手抓取动作,尽管速度和准确性不及健康人。该研究意义在于证明即使在严重神经损伤后,瘫痪者仍可通过少量神经信号恢复对复杂设备的控制能力,具有重要的临床应用潜力。
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神经接口系统 · 四肢瘫痪 · 机器人手臂 · 运动皮层 · 三维抓取
摘要
脊髓损伤、脑干中风、肌萎缩侧索硬化症及其他疾病导致的瘫痪可以使大脑与身体脱节,消除自愿运动的能力。神经接口系统可以通过将神经元活动直接转化为助行设备的控制信号,恢复瘫痪者的移动能力和独立性。我们之前已经显示,长期四肢瘫痪的人能够使用神经接口系统移动和点击计算机光标,以及控制物理设备。健全的猴子已使用神经接口系统控制机械手臂,但尚不清楚深度上肢瘫痪或肢体缺失的人是否能够利用皮层神经元群信号来指导有效的手臂动作。在此,我们展示了两名长期四肢瘫痪的参与者使用基于神经接口系统的控制方式,成功执行三维伸手抓取动作。参与者在没有明确训练的情况下,利用从96通道微电极阵列记录的小范围运动皮层(MI)神经元解码的信号,控制手臂和手在广阔空间内的活动。其中一位参与者在5年前植入传感器后,还使用机械手臂从瓶子中喝咖啡。尽管机械伸手和抓取动作的速度和准确性不如健全人,但我们的结果证明,对于四肢瘫痪者来说,在损伤中央神经系统多年后,能够直接从少量神经信号中重新创造出对复杂设备的有用多维控制是可行的。
英文摘要
Paralysis following spinal cord injury, brainstem stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other disorders can disconnect the brain from the body, eliminating the ability to perform volitional movements. A neural interface system could restore mobility and independence for people with paralysis by translating neuronal activity directly into control signals for assistive devices. We have previously shown that people with long-standing tetraplegia can use a neural interface system to move and click a computer cursor and to control physical devices. Able-bodied monkeys have used a neural interface system to control a robotic arm, but it is unknown whether people with profound upper extremity paralysis or limb loss could use cortical neuronal ensemble signals to direct useful arm actions. Here we demonstrate the ability of two people with long-standing tetraplegia to use neural interface system-based control of a robotic arm to perform three-dimensional reach and grasp movements. Participants controlled the arm and hand over a broad space without explicit training, using signals decoded from a small, local population of motor cortex (MI) neurons recorded from a 96-channel microelectrode array. One of the study participants, implanted with the sensor 5 years earlier, also used a robotic arm to drink coffee from a bottle. Although robotic reach and grasp actions were not as fast or accurate as those of an able-bodied person, our results demonstrate the feasibility for people with tetraplegia, years after injury to the central nervous system, to recreate useful multidimensional control of complex devices directly from a small sample of neural signals.
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主要研究问题
- 在使用神经接口系统控制机器人手臂时,参与者在执行抓取和移动动作时遇到了哪些具体的挑战?
- 这种神经控制的机器人手臂在功能和反应速度上与传统的辅助设备相比,有哪些优缺点?
- 研究中提到的参与者是否在不同的环境中测试了机器手臂的操作能力,结果如何?
- 如何优化神经接口系统以提高长时间瘫痪患者的控制精度和速度?
- 未来的研究是否计划探索其他类型的运动功能恢复,比如腿部运动或步态控制?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
脊髓损伤、脑干中风、肌萎缩侧索硬化症等疾病可导致严重的四肢瘫痪,剥夺患者自主运动的能力。本研究旨在探讨一种神经接口系统(NIS)如何使长期四肢瘫痪的患者能够控制机器人手臂,执行三维的抓取和移动任务,从而恢复部分日常生活能力。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
本研究选取了两名因脑干中风导致四肢瘫痪的参与者(S3和T2),使用96通道微电极阵列记录运动皮层(MI)神经元的信号。实验设计包括以下步骤:
神经信号记录:
- 使用植入的微电极阵列记录神经元的电位变化。
- 信号通过滤波器处理,提取神经元的动作电位(单位活动)。
解码器校准:
- 使用Kalman滤波器解码参与者的手部运动意图,过程包括开放和闭环校准。
- 参与者通过想象控制机器人手臂进行初步的目标运动,以建立运动意图与神经信号之间的关系。
机器人手臂控制:
- 参与者控制两种不同的机器人手臂(DLR轻型机器人和DEKA手臂)进行三维抓取任务。
- 通过解码的神经信号,控制手臂的速度和抓取状态。
任务执行:
- 参与者在三维空间中抓取6厘米直径的泡沫球,记录成功率和反应时间。
- S3参与了一个日常生活任务,尝试用机器人手臂自主饮水。
关键结果和发现
抓取任务表现:
- S3在四次实验中,使用DLR手臂成功触及目标的概率为48.8%,使用DEKA手臂为69.2%。
- T2在单次实验中成功触及目标的概率为95.6%。
- 抓取成功率方面,S3的抓取成功率为21.3%(DLR)和46.2%(DEKA),而T2的抓取成功率为62.2%。
日常生活任务:
- S3成功用机器人手臂抓取咖啡瓶并饮用,标志着自我意愿的恢复。
主要结论/意义/创新性
本研究首次展示了长期四肢瘫痪患者能够通过神经信号控制机器人手臂,执行复杂的三维抓取任务。这一发现不仅证明了神经接口系统在恢复功能性运动方面的潜力,也为未来的临床应用提供了重要的理论基础。研究表明,尽管存在严重的运动障碍,运动皮层的神经元活动仍然能够提供足够的信息来实现复杂的手部动作。
研究局限性和未来方向
局限性:
- 参与者的表现与能够获得的神经信号数量和质量密切相关,存在个体差异。
- 机器人手臂的操作速度和精确度未能达到健全个体的水平。
未来方向:
- 需要进一步研究更多的神经信号来源、改进解码算法和增加参与者的训练,以实现更灵活和自然的控制。
- 探索神经信号在其他辅助技术(如功能性电刺激和假肢控制)中的应用可能性,以提高患者的生活质量。
参考文献
- Bridging the brain to the world: a perspective on neural interface systems. - John P Donoghue - Neuron (2008)
- Challenges and opportunities for next-generation intracortically based neural prostheses. - Vikash Gilja;Cindy A Chestek;Ilka Diester;Jaimie M Henderson;Karl Deisseroth;Krishna V Shenoy - IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering (2011)
- Long-term stability of neural prosthetic control signals from silicon cortical arrays in rhesus macaque motor cortex. - Cynthia A Chestek;Vikash Gilja;Paul Nuyujukian;Justin D Foster;Joline M Fan;Matthew T Kaufman;Mark M Churchland;Zuley Rivera-Alvidrez;John P Cunningham;Stephen I Ryu;Krishna V Shenoy - Journal of neural engineering (2011)
- Neuronal ensemble control of prosthetic devices by a human with tetraplegia. - Leigh R Hochberg;Mijail D Serruya;Gerhard M Friehs;Jon A Mukand;Maryam Saleh;Abraham H Caplan;Almut Branner;David Chen;Richard D Penn;John P Donoghue - Nature (2006)
- Control of a brain-computer interface without spike sorting. - George W Fraser;Steven M Chase;Andrew Whitford;Andrew B Schwartz - Journal of neural engineering (2009)
- Inference of hand movements from local field potentials in monkey motor cortex. - Carsten Mehring;Jörn Rickert;Eilon Vaadia;Simone Cardosa de Oliveira;Ad Aertsen;Stefan Rotter - Nature neuroscience (2003)
- Relationships among low-frequency local field potentials, spiking activity, and three-dimensional reach and grasp kinematics in primary motor and ventral premotor cortices. - Arjun K Bansal;Carlos E Vargas-Irwin;Wilson Truccolo;John P Donoghue - Journal of neurophysiology (2011)
- Cortical control of a prosthetic arm for self-feeding. - Meel Velliste;Sagi Perel;M Chance Spalding;Andrew S Whitford;Andrew B Schwartz - Nature (2008)
- Reliability of signals from a chronically implanted, silicon-based electrode array in non-human primate primary motor cortex. - Selim Suner;Matthew R Fellows;Carlos Vargas-Irwin;Gordon Kenji Nakata;John P Donoghue - IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (2005)
- Cognitive control signals for neural prosthetics. - S Musallam;B D Corneil;B Greger;H Scherberger;R A Andersen - Science (New York, N.Y.) (2004)
引用本文的文献
- Neuroscience: Brain-controlled robot grabs attention. - Andrew Jackson - Nature (2012)
- Neural repair and rehabilitation: Neurally controlled robotic arm enables tetraplegic patient to drink coffee of her own volition. - Katie Kingwell - Nature reviews. Neurology (2012)
- Prediction of imagined single-joint movements in a person with high-level tetraplegia. - A Bolu Ajiboye;John D Simeral;John P Donoghue;Leigh R Hochberg;Robert F Kirsch - IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering (2012)
- Facilitation and restoration of cognitive function in primate prefrontal cortex by a neuroprosthesis that utilizes minicolumn-specific neural firing. - Robert E Hampson;Greg A Gerhardt;Vasilis Marmarelis;Dong Song;Ioan Opris;Lucas Santos;Theodore W Berger;Sam A Deadwyler - Journal of neural engineering (2012)
- Cognitive signals for brain-machine interfaces in posterior parietal cortex include continuous 3D trajectory commands. - Markus Hauschild;Grant H Mulliken;Igor Fineman;Gerald E Loeb;Richard A Andersen - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2012)
- From the bench to the bedside: Brain-machine interfaces in spinal cord injury, the blood-brain barrier, and neurodegeneration, using the hippocampus to improve cognition, metabolism, and epilepsy, and understanding axonal death. - Rich Everson;Jason S Hauptman - Surgical neurology international (2012)
- Neural interfaces for the brain and spinal cord--restoring motor function. - Andrew Jackson;Jonas B Zimmermann - Nature reviews. Neurology (2012)
- The next frontier in composite tissue allotransplantation. - Xiaoping Ren;Michael C Laugel - CNS neuroscience & therapeutics (2013)
- A high-performance neural prosthesis enabled by control algorithm design. - Vikash Gilja;Paul Nuyujukian;Cindy A Chestek;John P Cunningham;Byron M Yu;Joline M Fan;Mark M Churchland;Matthew T Kaufman;Jonathan C Kao;Stephen I Ryu;Krishna V Shenoy - Nature neuroscience (2012)
- Intention concepts and brain-machine interfacing. - Franziska Thinnes-Elker;Olga Iljina;John Kyle Apostolides;Felicitas Kraemer;Andreas Schulze-Bonhage;Ad Aertsen;Tonio Ball - Frontiers in psychology (2012)
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