Appearance
Paneth cells constitute the niche for Lgr5 stem cells in intestinal crypts.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/nature09637 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 21113151 |
| 期刊 | Nature |
| 影响因子 | 48.5 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2011 |
| 被引次数 | 1353 |
| 关键词 | Lgr5干细胞, Paneth细胞, 肠道隐窝, 信号传导, 类器官 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article |
| ISSN | 0028-0836 |
| 页码 | 415-8 |
| 期号 | 469(7330) |
| 作者 | Toshiro Sato, Johan H van Es, Hugo J Snippert, Daniel E Stange, Robert G Vries, Maaike van den Born, Nick Barker, Noah F Shroyer, Marc van de Wetering, Hans Clevers |
一句话小结
本研究探讨了小肠隐窝中Lgr5干细胞和Paneth细胞之间的相互作用,发现Paneth细胞通过表达多种信号分子(如EGF和Wnt)为Lgr5干细胞提供了维持和增殖所需的生态位信号。研究结果不仅揭示了隐窝干细胞稳态的新机制,还为理解肠道组织再生和疾病提供了潜在的治疗靶点。
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Lgr5干细胞 · Paneth细胞 · 肠道隐窝 · 信号传导 · 类器官
摘要
自我更新的小肠隐窝的稳态是由位于隐窝底部的小型循环Lgr5干细胞之间的中性竞争所决定的。Lgr5干细胞与终末分化的Paneth细胞交错分布,后者已知能产生溶菌酶和隐窝蛋白/防御素等杀菌产物。单个表达Lgr5的干细胞可以在没有非上皮生态位细胞的情况下培养形成长寿命的自组装隐窝-绒毛类器官。在这里,我们发现Lgr5干细胞与小鼠中的Paneth细胞之间存在密切的物理关联,这一现象在体内和体外均有体现。CD24(+) Paneth细胞表达EGF、TGF-α、Wnt3和Notch配体Dll4,这些都是维持干细胞在培养中所需的重要信号。将分选出的干细胞与Paneth细胞共同培养显著提高了类器官的形成。这种Paneth细胞的需求可以通过外源性Wnt的脉冲来替代。在体内基因去除Paneth细胞会导致Lgr5干细胞的同时丧失。在结肠隐窝中,位于Lgr5干细胞之间的CD24(+)细胞可能代表Paneth细胞的等价物。我们得出结论,Lgr5干细胞之间竞争由特殊的子细胞Paneth细胞提供的基本生态位信号。
英文摘要
Homeostasis of self-renewing small intestinal crypts results from neutral competition between Lgr5 stem cells, which are small cycling cells located at crypt bottoms. Lgr5 stem cells are interspersed between terminally differentiated Paneth cells that are known to produce bactericidal products such as lysozyme and cryptdins/defensins. Single Lgr5-expressing stem cells can be cultured to form long-lived, self-organizing crypt-villus organoids in the absence of non-epithelial niche cells. Here we find a close physical association of Lgr5 stem cells with Paneth cells in mice, both in vivo and in vitro. CD24(+) Paneth cells express EGF, TGF-α, Wnt3 and the Notch ligand Dll4, all essential signals for stem-cell maintenance in culture. Co-culturing of sorted stem cells with Paneth cells markedly improves organoid formation. This Paneth cell requirement can be substituted by a pulse of exogenous Wnt. Genetic removal of Paneth cells in vivo results in the concomitant loss of Lgr5 stem cells. In colon crypts, CD24(+) cells residing between Lgr5 stem cells may represent the Paneth cell equivalents. We conclude that Lgr5 stem cells compete for essential niche signals provided by a specialized daughter cell, the Paneth cell.
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主要研究问题
- Paneth细胞如何影响Lgr5干细胞的增殖和分化过程?
- 除了Paneth细胞,还有哪些细胞类型可能在肠道隐窝中提供干细胞的微环境?
- 在不同的生理或病理条件下,Paneth细胞与Lgr5干细胞之间的相互作用会有何变化?
- Paneth细胞缺失对小肠组织再生和修复能力的影响是什么?
- 如何利用外源性Wnt信号替代Paneth细胞对Lgr5干细胞的支持,是否会影响细胞的长期稳定性?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
肠道的自我更新依赖于Lgr5干细胞与分化终末的Paneth细胞之间的相互作用。Paneth细胞在肠道隐窝中提供重要的生长因子和信号,支持Lgr5干细胞的生存和增殖。本文旨在探讨Paneth细胞在维持肠道干细胞微环境中的作用,及其对Lgr5干细胞功能的影响。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
本研究采用小鼠模型和体外培养系统来探讨Lgr5干细胞与Paneth细胞的相互作用。主要实验步骤如下:
细胞分离与培养:
- 从小鼠肠道中分离出Lgr5干细胞和Paneth细胞。
- 使用Matrigel和生长因子(如EGF、R-spondin 1和noggin)培养细胞。
共培养实验:
- 将分离的Lgr5干细胞与Paneth细胞在96孔板中共培养,观察其形成的类隐窝结构。
- 比较不同细胞组合(单独Lgr5干细胞、单独Paneth细胞及两者组合)的生长效率。
基因表达分析:
- 采用微阵列分析对Lgr5干细胞和Paneth细胞进行基因表达谱分析,识别出与干细胞维持相关的关键信号。
体内实验:
- 通过遗传模型(如Gfi1缺失、Sox9条件性缺失)观察Paneth细胞减少对Lgr5干细胞的影响。
关键结果和发现
Lgr5干细胞与Paneth细胞的相互作用:
- Lgr5干细胞与Paneth细胞在隐窝底部紧密接触,形成几何分布。
- 仅在两者共培养时,Lgr5干细胞才能有效形成类隐窝结构。
信号分子的作用:
- Paneth细胞表达EGF、Wnt3和Notch配体Dll4,这些信号对干细胞的维持至关重要。
- 通过外源性Wnt信号可以部分替代Paneth细胞的支持作用。
体内实验结果:
- 在Paneth细胞减少的小鼠模型中,Lgr5干细胞数量显著减少,表明Paneth细胞对干细胞的维持至关重要。
主要结论/意义/创新性
本研究首次明确了Paneth细胞作为Lgr5干细胞的支持细胞的角色,强调了干细胞与其分化后代之间的相互作用。研究结果揭示了Paneth细胞在肠道干细胞微环境中的重要性,为理解肠道再生机制提供了新视角,并可能为肠道疾病的治疗策略提供基础。
研究局限性和未来方向
- 局限性:本研究主要基于小鼠模型,未来需要在其他物种中验证结果。此外,研究中未能完全解析Paneth细胞数量调控的机制。
- 未来方向:建议进一步探讨如何调节Paneth细胞数量及其在肠道疾病(如炎症性肠病和肠癌)中的作用,开发针对肠道微环境的干预策略。
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引用本文的文献
- Stem cells: Self-sufficient. - Nicola McCarthy - Nature reviews. Cancer (2011)
- Tracking adult stem cells. - Hugo J Snippert;Hans Clevers - EMBO reports (2011)
- Lgr5 intestinal stem cells have high telomerase activity and randomly segregate their chromosomes. - Arnout G Schepers;Robert Vries;Maaike van den Born;Marc van de Wetering;Hans Clevers - The EMBO journal (2011)
- Biomimetic platforms for human stem cell research. - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic;David T Scadden - Cell stem cell (2011)
- Distinct ATOH1 and Neurog3 requirements define tuft cells as a new secretory cell type in the intestinal epithelium. - François Gerbe;Johan H van Es;Leila Makrini;Bénédicte Brulin;Georg Mellitzer;Sylvie Robine;Béatrice Romagnolo;Noah F Shroyer;Jean-François Bourgaux;Christine Pignodel;Hans Clevers;Philippe Jay - The Journal of cell biology (2011)
- Investigating monogenic and complex diseases with pluripotent stem cells. - Hao Zhu;M William Lensch;Patrick Cahan;George Q Daley - Nature reviews. Genetics (2011)
- Fibroblast growth factor receptor-3 (FGFR-3) regulates expression of paneth cell lineage-specific genes in intestinal epithelial cells through both TCF4/beta-catenin-dependent and -independent signaling pathways. - Brooks Brodrick;Alda Vidrich;Edith Porter;Leigh Bradley;Jenny M Buzan;Steven M Cohn - The Journal of biological chemistry (2011)
- TRAPping telomerase within the intestinal stem cell niche. - Matthew F Pech;Steven E Artandi - The EMBO journal (2011)
- Paneth cells, antimicrobial peptides and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. - Charles L Bevins;Nita H Salzman - Nature reviews. Microbiology (2011)
- lines and bowl affect the specification of cyst stem cells and niche cells in the Drosophila testis. - Stephen Dinardo;Tishina Okegbe;Lindsey Wingert;Sarah Freilich;Natalie Terry - Development (Cambridge, England) (2011)
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