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Synonymous but not the same: the causes and consequences of codon bias.
文献信息
| DOI | 10.1038/nrg2899 |
|---|---|
| PMID | 21102527 |
| 期刊 | Nature reviews. Genetics |
| 影响因子 | 52.0 |
| JCR 分区 | Q1 |
| 发表年份 | 2011 |
| 被引次数 | 781 |
| 关键词 | 同义突变, 密码子偏好, 分子进化, 生物技术 |
| 文献类型 | Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review |
| ISSN | 1471-0056 |
| 页码 | 32-42 |
| 期号 | 12(1) |
| 作者 | Joshua B Plotkin, Grzegorz Kudla |
一句话小结
本研究探讨了同义突变在细胞过程中扮演的重要角色,强调密码子偏倚对分子进化及生物技术的影响。通过量化起始和延伸动态的研究,为理解自然同义变异及设计转基因提供了新的视角和假设。
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摘要
尽管其名称为同义突变,但同义突变对所有分类群的细胞过程具有重要影响。因此,理解密码子偏倚对分子进化和生物技术等多个领域至关重要。尽管最近在测序和合成生物学方面的进展帮助解决了长期以来关于密码子偏倚的问题,但这些进展也揭示了显著的模式,提出了关于蛋白质合成的新假设。正在进行的对起始和延伸动态进行量化的研究,对于理解自然同义变异和在应用背景下设计转基因同样重要。
英文摘要
Despite their name, synonymous mutations have significant consequences for cellular processes in all taxa. As a result, an understanding of codon bias is central to fields as diverse as molecular evolution and biotechnology. Although recent advances in sequencing and synthetic biology have helped to resolve longstanding questions about codon bias, they have also uncovered striking patterns that suggest new hypotheses about protein synthesis. Ongoing work to quantify the dynamics of initiation and elongation is as important for understanding natural synonymous variation as it is for designing transgenes in applied contexts.
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主要研究问题
- 同义突变如何影响不同物种的细胞过程?
- 在生物技术应用中,如何利用密码子偏倚的理解来优化转基因设计?
- 最近的测序技术进展对密码子偏倚研究提出了哪些新的假设?
- 在蛋白质合成的动态过程中,启动和延伸的量化研究如何帮助理解自然同义变异?
- 密码子偏倚的模式如何影响分子进化的理论和实践?
核心洞察
研究背景和目的
同义突变(即不改变氨基酸序列的突变)在细胞过程中的重要性被广泛认可。尽管同义突变在理论上被认为对蛋白质合成没有影响,但在实际基因组中,同义密码子的使用频率并不均等,形成了所谓的密码子偏好现象。本文旨在探讨密码子偏好的成因及其对细胞功能和生物技术应用的影响。
主要方法/材料/实验设计
研究主要采用了高通量测序和合成生物学技术,通过系统性实验来解析同义核苷酸变异的分子和细胞后果。具体方法如下:
关键结果和发现
- 密码子使用偏好:不同物种间的密码子使用存在显著差异,主要由基因组GC含量和突变过程决定。
- 选择与突变的作用:密码子偏好的成因可以归为突变假说和选择假说。突变假说认为偏好源于突变过程的性质,而选择假说则认为同义突变对生物体适应性有影响。
- 基因表达的影响:在不同基因中,表达水平与密码子偏好程度呈正相关,高表达基因通常具有更强的密码子偏好。
- mRNA结构的影响:mRNA的二级结构在翻译启动中起着重要作用,强结构可能抑制翻译。
主要结论/意义/创新性
本文强调了同义突变在生物学中的重要性,揭示了密码子偏好对基因表达、细胞适应性和转基因设计的影响。研究提供了新的视角来理解同义突变如何影响蛋白质合成效率,并在生物技术应用中如何利用这一知识来优化基因表达。
研究局限性和未来方向
研究的局限性在于对同义突变机制的解析仍不够全面,尤其是在不同生物体中的表现可能存在差异。未来的研究可以进一步探索同义突变与转录后调控的关系,以及如何在生物技术中更有效地利用密码子偏好来提高蛋白质表达水平。此外,研究应考虑到不同环境条件下的密码子使用变化对基因表达的影响。
参考文献
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引用本文的文献
- Evolution of synonymous codon usage in Neurospora tetrasperma and Neurospora discreta. - C A Whittle;Y Sun;H Johannesson - Genome biology and evolution (2011)
- Molecular genetics: The sound of silence. - Laurence D Hurst - Nature (2011)
- Genome-wide survey of natural selection on functional, structural, and network properties of polymorphic sites in Saccharomyces paradoxus. - Anchal Vishnoi;Praveen Sethupathy;Daniel Simola;Joshua B Plotkin;Sridhar Hannenhalli - Molecular biology and evolution (2011)
- Codon usage: nature's roadmap to expression and folding of proteins. - Evelina Angov - Biotechnology journal (2011)
- Explaining complex codon usage patterns with selection for translational efficiency, mutation bias, and genetic drift. - Premal Shah;Michael A Gilchrist - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2011)
- A ribosomal misincorporation of Lys for Arg in human triosephosphate isomerase expressed in Escherichia coli gives rise to two protein populations. - Beatriz Aguirre;Miguel Costas;Nallely Cabrera;Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández;Donald L Helseth;Paulette Fernández;Marietta Tuena de Gómez-Puyou;Ruy Pérez-Montfort;Alfredo Torres-Larios;Armando Gómez Puyou - PloS one (2011)
- The 3-base periodicity and codon usage of coding sequences are correlated with gene expression at the level of transcription elongation. - Edoardo Trotta - PloS one (2011)
- Novel SNPs in the PRDM16 gene and their associations with performance traits in chickens. - Ruili Han;Yang Wei;Xiangtao Kang;Hong Chen;Guirong Sun;Guoxi Li;Yichun Bai;Yadong Tian;Yanqun Huang - Molecular biology reports (2012)
- Complex interplay of evolutionary forces in the ladybird homeobox genes of Drosophila melanogaster. - Evgeniy S Balakirev;Maria Anisimova;Francisco J Ayala - PloS one (2011)
- Selection for translation efficiency on synonymous polymorphisms in recent human evolution. - Yedael Y Waldman;Tamir Tuller;Alon Keinan;Eytan Ruppin - Genome biology and evolution (2011)
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