Curated Papers > Recent high-impact research on "organoids" (IF≥30, last 5 years)

Coordination of cardiogenesis in vivo and in vitro.

Literature Information

DOI	10.1038/s41580-025-00878-5
PMID	40993223
Journal	Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology
Impact Factor	90.2
JCR Quartile	Q1
Publication Year	2025
Times Cited	0
Keywords	cardiogenesis, tissue organization, stem-cell-derived systems, cardiac organoids, congenital heart disease
Literature Type	Journal Article, Review
ISSN	1471-0072
Authors	Sasha Mendjan, Alison Deyett, Deborah Yelon

TL;DR

This review highlights the complexity of heart development, emphasizing the interplay of tissue organization, cellular lineages, and molecular factors, while showcasing how advancements in imaging, genomics, and cardiac organoid models have enhanced our understanding. These insights are crucial for developing novel therapies for congenital and acquired heart diseases.

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cardiogenesis · tissue organization · stem-cell-derived systems · cardiac organoids · congenital heart disease

Abstract

Heart development has been extensively explored on the anatomical, cellular and molecular levels. Yet, the intricate interplay of tissue organization, cellular lineages and molecular factors that orchestrate heart development, culminating in forming a seamlessly synchronized functional heart, remains challenging to investigate. Mechanistic studies conducted both in vivo using animal models and in vitro stem-cell-derived systems aim to unravel this complexity. In this Review, we discuss how the recent surge in technological advancements in imaging and genomics, coupled with the evolution of next-generation cardiac organoid models, has provided profound insights into these processes, holding significant implications for the development of novel therapies for congenital or acquired heart diseases. We discuss the development of the heart as the first functional organ - from the morphogenesis of the mesoderm, heart tube and cardiac chambers to the establishment of the initial heartbeat and pacemaker and further how morphogenesis and function collaboratively drive heart maturation.

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Primary Questions Addressed

1. How do the molecular pathways involved in cardiogenesis differ between in vivo and in vitro models?
2. What are the specific roles of stem cells in the development of cardiac organoids, and how do they compare to in vivo heart development?
3. How can advancements in imaging technologies enhance our understanding of cardiac tissue organization during development?
4. What implications do findings from in vitro cardiogenesis studies have for the treatment of congenital heart defects?
5. In what ways does the synchronization of cellular activities in the heart contribute to its overall functional maturation, both in vivo and in vitro?

Key Findings

Research Background and Objectives

Heart development is a complex process that has been studied at various levels, including anatomical, cellular, and molecular perspectives. Despite extensive research, understanding the intricate interplay of tissue organization, cellular lineages, and molecular factors in forming a synchronized functional heart remains challenging. This review aims to discuss recent advancements in imaging and genomics technologies, as well as the development of next-generation cardiac organoid models, which provide new insights into heart development and have implications for therapies targeting congenital and acquired heart diseases.

Main Methods/Materials/Experimental Design

The review highlights several key methodologies that have advanced our understanding of heart development:

1. In Vivo Studies: Utilization of animal models to observe heart development in a living organism.
2. In Vitro Studies: Application of stem-cell-derived systems to study cardiac development in a controlled environment.
3. Imaging Technologies: Implementation of advanced imaging techniques to visualize heart structure and function in real-time.
4. Genomic Approaches: Use of genomic tools to analyze gene expression patterns and molecular pathways involved in heart development.
5. Cardiac Organoid Models: Development of organoids that mimic heart tissue architecture and function for experimental studies.

The following flowchart summarizes the technological approach used in this review:

Key Results and Findings

The review presents several significant findings regarding heart development:

• The heart is the first functional organ to develop, with its formation beginning from mesoderm morphogenesis to the establishment of the heart tube and cardiac chambers.
• The initial heartbeat and pacemaker establishment are critical milestones in heart development.
• Advances in imaging and genomic technologies have elucidated the roles of specific molecular factors and cellular interactions in heart morphogenesis and maturation.
• Cardiac organoid models have emerged as powerful tools for studying the complexities of heart development and disease modeling.

Main Conclusions/Significance/Innovativeness

The review concludes that the integration of cutting-edge technologies in imaging and genomics, along with innovative cardiac organoid models, has significantly advanced our understanding of heart development. These insights are not only crucial for fundamental biology but also hold promise for developing novel therapeutic strategies for addressing congenital and acquired heart diseases. The innovative approaches discussed in this review could lead to breakthroughs in regenerative medicine and heart disease treatment.

Research Limitations and Future Directions

Despite the advancements, several limitations and future directions are identified:

Limitations	Future Directions
Limited understanding of long-term heart function in organoids	Explore the long-term viability and functionality of cardiac organoids
Challenges in translating findings from models to human physiology	Focus on human-specific studies to validate findings
Need for comprehensive models that integrate genetic, environmental, and mechanical factors	Develop multi-faceted models that encompass various influencing factors

Future research should aim to bridge the gap between experimental findings and clinical applications, further refining cardiac organoid models and exploring their potential in personalized medicine for heart diseases.

References

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