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A materials-science perspective on tackling COVID-19. ​

Literature Information ​

DOI10.1038/s41578-020-00247-y
PMID33078077
JournalNature reviews. Materials
Impact Factor86.2
JCR QuartileQ1
Publication Year2020
Times Cited126
KeywordsDiseases, Materials science, Nanoscience and technology, Virology
Literature TypeJournal Article, Review
ISSN2058-8437
Pages847-860
Issue5(11)
AuthorsZhongmin Tang, Na Kong, Xingcai Zhang, Yuan Liu, Ping Hu, Shan Mou, Peter Liljeström, Jianlin Shi, Weihong Tan, Jong Seung Kim, Yihai Cao, Robert Langer, Kam W Leong, Omid C Farokhzad, Wei Tao

TL;DR ​

This review highlights the critical role of materials science in advancing antiviral research during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, focusing on innovations in imaging systems, microfluidic devices, and virus detection technologies. It underscores the potential of materials science to enhance drug delivery, vaccine development, and the design of medical equipment, thereby contributing to both current and future viral disease management.

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Diseases · Materials science · Nanoscience and technology · Virology

Abstract ​

The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic highlights the importance of materials science in providing tools and technologies for antiviral research and treatment development. In this Review, we discuss previous efforts in materials science in developing imaging systems and microfluidic devices for the in-depth and real-time investigation of viral structures and transmission, as well as material platforms for the detection of viruses and the delivery of antiviral drugs and vaccines. We highlight the contribution of materials science to the manufacturing of personal protective equipment and to the design of simple, accurate and low-cost virus-detection devices. We then investigate future possibilities of materials science in antiviral research and treatment development, examining the role of materials in antiviral-drug design, including the importance of synthetic material platforms for organoids and organs-on-a-chip, in drug delivery and vaccination, and for the production of medical equipment. Materials-science-based technologies not only contribute to the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 research efforts but can also provide platforms and tools for the understanding, protection, detection and treatment of future viral diseases.

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Primary Questions Addressed ​

  1. What are the specific materials used in the development of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic?
  2. How have microfluidic devices advanced our understanding of viral transmission and structure in the context of COVID-19?
  3. In what ways can materials science contribute to the future design of antiviral drugs beyond the current pandemic?
  4. What role do synthetic material platforms play in the development of organoids and organs-on-a-chip for viral research?
  5. How can low-cost virus-detection devices impact public health measures during future viral outbreaks?

Key Findings ​

Research Background and Purpose ​

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the critical role of materials science in developing antiviral tools and technologies. This review discusses how materials science contributes to various aspects of antiviral research, including virus detection, protection, treatment, and vaccination. The aim is to explore the past contributions and future potential of materials science in combating viral diseases.

Main Methods/Materials/Experimental Design ​

The review employs a comprehensive analysis of existing materials science technologies relevant to viral research. Key methodologies include:

  • Imaging Techniques: Confocal microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy for tracking viral particles and determining viral structures.
  • Microfluidic Devices: For rapid and accurate virus detection and diagnosis.
  • Nanotechnology: Utilizing nanoparticles for drug delivery and vaccine development.
  • Protective Equipment Design: Development of masks and personal protective equipment (PPE) using advanced materials.
  • Vaccine Development: Exploration of mRNA vaccines and nanoparticle-based delivery systems.

The following flowchart summarizes the technical routes discussed:

Mermaid diagram

Key Results and Findings ​

  1. Viral Structure Understanding: Materials science has enabled detailed studies of viral structures through advanced imaging techniques, leading to better antiviral drug design.
  2. Protection Mechanisms: Development of various materials for masks and PPE that can effectively filter out viruses and provide physical barriers.
  3. Detection Technologies: Innovations in rapid detection methods, including PCR and CRISPR-based assays, have improved the speed and accuracy of identifying infected individuals.
  4. Treatment Advances: New antiviral drugs and nanoparticle formulations have been explored, showing promise in inhibiting viral replication and neutralizing infections.
  5. Vaccine Innovations: mRNA vaccines and nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as effective strategies for eliciting immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Conclusions/Significance/Innovation ​

Materials science plays a pivotal role in addressing the challenges posed by viral outbreaks. The integration of multidisciplinary approaches fosters innovation in antiviral research, enabling the development of rapid detection methods, effective vaccines, and efficient treatment strategies. This review emphasizes the necessity for ongoing collaboration between materials scientists, virologists, and clinicians to prepare for future viral threats.

Research Limitations and Future Directions ​

  1. Scalability: Many advanced materials and technologies are not yet scalable for widespread use.
  2. Safety and Efficacy: More research is needed to ensure the safety and effectiveness of new materials and treatments in clinical settings.
  3. Global Collaboration: Addressing future pandemics requires enhanced global collaboration and data sharing among scientists and healthcare professionals.

Future directions include:

  • Continued development of low-cost, portable diagnostic tools.
  • Enhanced vaccine delivery systems targeting specific tissues.
  • Research into the long-term efficacy of vaccines and treatments against emerging viral strains.

This review underscores the ongoing need for innovative materials science solutions to combat current and future viral pandemics.

References ​

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Literatures Citing This Work ​

  1. Insights from nanotechnology in COVID-19 treatment. - Zhongmin Tang;Xingcai Zhang;Yiqing Shu;Ming Guo;Han Zhang;Wei Tao - Nano today (2021)
  2. Immunogenic-cell-killing and immunosuppression-inhibiting nanomedicine. - Ying Wang;Di Gao;Yan Liu;Xiaoqing Guo;Shuojia Chen;Li Zeng;Jinxuan Ma;Xingcai Zhang;Zhongmin Tian;Zhe Yang - Bioactive materials (2021)
  3. COVID-19 vaccines: The status and perspectives in delivery points of view. - Jee Young Chung;Melissa N Thone;Young Jik Kwon - Advanced drug delivery reviews (2021)
  4. Recent advances in materials science: a reinforced approach toward challenges against COVID-19. - Abhinav Saxena;Deepak Khare;Swati Agrawal;Angaraj Singh;Ashutosh Kumar Dubey - Emergent materials (2021)
  5. Microfabrication with Very Low-Average Power of Green Light to Produce PDMS Microchips. - Lucero M Hernandez-Cedillo;Francisco G Vázquez-Cuevas;Rafael Quintero-Torres;Jose L Aragón;Miguel Angel Ocampo Mortera;Cesar L Ordóñez-Romero;Jorge L Domínguez-Juárez - Polymers (2021)
  6. Advanced Nanobiomedical Approaches to Combat Coronavirus Disease of 2019. - Halle Lutz;Kristen D Popowski;Phuong-Uyen C Dinh;Ke Cheng - Advanced nanobiomed research (2021)
  7. Optical Detection of CoV-SARS-2 Viral Proteins to Sub-Picomolar Concentrations. - Tamsyn Stanborough;Fiona M Given;Barbara Koch;Campbell R Sheen;André Buzas Stowers-Hull;Mark R Waterland;Deborah L Crittenden - ACS omega (2021)
  8. Biomaterial-based immunoengineering to fight COVID-19 and infectious diseases. - Jana Zarubova;Xuexiang Zhang;Tyler Hoffman;Mohammad Mahdi Hasani-Sadrabadi;Song Li - Matter (2021)
  9. Role of biomaterials in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, and study of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). - Yavuz Nuri Ertas;Mahboobeh Mahmoodi;Fahimeh Shahabipour;Vahid Jahed;Sibel Emir Diltemiz;Rumeysa Tutar;Nureddin Ashammakhi - Emergent materials (2021)
  10. Nanotechnology advances in pathogen- and host-targeted antiviral delivery: multipronged therapeutic intervention for pandemic control. - Kai-Chieh Yang;Jung-Chen Lin;Hsiao-Han Tsai;Chung-Yao Hsu;Vicky Shih;Che-Ming Jack Hu - Drug delivery and translational research (2021)

... (116 more literatures)

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