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Organoids in immunological research.
Literature Information
| DOI | 10.1038/s41577-019-0248-y |
|---|---|
| PMID | 31853049 |
| Journal | Nature reviews. Immunology |
| Impact Factor | 60.9 |
| JCR Quartile | Q1 |
| Publication Year | 2020 |
| Times Cited | 187 |
| Keywords | Organoids, Immunological Research, Epithelial Cells, Immune Cells, Cancer |
| Literature Type | Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review |
| ISSN | 1474-1733 |
| Pages | 279-293 |
| Issue | 20(5) |
| Authors | Yotam E Bar-Ephraim, Kai Kretzschmar, Hans Clevers |
TL;DR
This review highlights the use of organoid technology in immunological research to explore the interactions between epithelial cells and the immune system, which are often inadequately represented in traditional animal models and cell lines. The findings underscore the potential of organoids to enhance our understanding of tissue development, homeostasis, and diseases like cancer, providing a more accurate representation of human biology.
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Organoids · Immunological Research · Epithelial Cells · Immune Cells · Cancer
Abstract
Much of our knowledge regarding the interactions between epithelial tissues and the immune system has been gathered from animal models and co-cultures with cell lines. However, unique features of human cells cannot be modelled in mice, and cell lines are often transformed or genetically immortalized. Organoid technology has emerged as a powerful tool to maintain epithelial cells in a near-native state. In this Review, we discuss how organoids are being used in immunological research to understand the role of epithelial cell-immune cell interactions in tissue development and homeostasis, as well as in diseases such as cancer.
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Primary Questions Addressed
- How do organoids compare to traditional animal models in studying epithelial-immune interactions?
- What specific diseases, aside from cancer, are being explored using organoid technology in immunological research?
- In what ways can organoids enhance our understanding of tissue development and homeostasis in the context of immune responses?
- What challenges do researchers face when using organoids to model human immune system interactions compared to cell lines?
- How might the findings from organoid studies influence future therapeutic strategies in immunology?
Key Findings
Key Insights
Research Background and Objectives
The study addresses the limitations of traditional models in immunological research, particularly the use of animal models and transformed cell lines. While these models have contributed significantly to our understanding of epithelial and immune cell interactions, they often fail to accurately represent human biology. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of organoid technology as a more relevant and effective platform for studying these interactions, particularly in the context of tissue development, homeostasis, and disease states, such as cancer.Main Methods and Findings
Organoid technology involves the cultivation of stem cells or progenitor cells from various tissues, which can then self-organize into three-dimensional structures that mimic the architecture and functionality of native tissues. This review synthesizes findings from recent studies that utilize organoids to investigate the dynamics between epithelial cells and immune cells. The authors discuss various experimental setups in which organoids are co-cultured with immune cells to elucidate mechanisms of tissue development and immune response. Key findings indicate that organoids can reproduce essential aspects of immune cell interaction and provide insights into how these interactions influence both healthy and diseased states.Core Conclusions
The review concludes that organoids represent a significant advance in immunological research by offering a more physiologically relevant model than traditional systems. They allow for the examination of complex cellular interactions within a human context, which is critical for understanding how epithelial cells modulate immune responses. Moreover, organoids can help identify new therapeutic targets and strategies for diseases, particularly cancer, where the tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in disease progression.Research Significance and Impact
The implications of this research are substantial for both basic science and clinical applications. By providing a more accurate model of human tissue interactions, organoids can facilitate the discovery of novel insights into immune responses, disease mechanisms, and potential treatments. This technology holds promise not only for cancer research but also for a wide range of diseases involving immune dysregulation, including autoimmune disorders and infectious diseases. Ultimately, the integration of organoid technology into immunological studies could lead to more personalized and effective therapeutic approaches, significantly impacting patient outcomes and advancing the field of immunology.
References
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Literatures Citing This Work
- Environmental Restrictions: A New Concept Governing HIV-1 Spread Emerging from Integrated Experimental-Computational Analysis of Tissue-Like 3D Cultures. - Samy Sid Ahmed;Nils Bundgaard;Frederik Graw;Oliver T Fackler - Cells (2020)
- Organoid systems to study the human female reproductive tract and pregnancy. - Lama Alzamil;Konstantina Nikolakopoulou;Margherita Y Turco - Cell death and differentiation (2021)
- Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract. - Georges Saade;Céline Deblanc;Juliette Bougon;Corinne Marois-Créhan;Christelle Fablet;Gaël Auray;Catherine Belloc;Mily Leblanc-Maridor;Carl A Gagnon;Jianzhong Zhu;Marcelo Gottschalk;Artur Summerfield;Gaëlle Simon;Nicolas Bertho;François Meurens - Veterinary research (2020)
- Bifidobacterium longum alleviates irritable bowel syndrome-related visceral hypersensitivity and microbiota dysbiosis via Paneth cell regulation. - Chunhua Zhou;Xue Fang;Jiajia Xu;Jun Gao;Ling Zhang;Jiulong Zhao;Yuting Meng;Wei Zhou;Xu Han;Yu Bai;Zhaoshen Li;Duowu Zou - Gut microbes (2020)
- CAR-T Cells Hit the Tumor Microenvironment: Strategies to Overcome Tumor Escape. - Alba Rodriguez-Garcia;Asis Palazon;Estela Noguera-Ortega;Daniel J Powell;Sonia Guedan - Frontiers in immunology (2020)
- Toward Systems Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockers. - Óscar Lapuente-Santana;Federica Eduati - Frontiers in oncology (2020)
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- Fine-Needle Aspiration-Based Patient-Derived Cancer Organoids. - Anna E Vilgelm;Kensey Bergdorf;Melissa Wolf;Vijaya Bharti;Rebecca Shattuck-Brandt;Ashlyn Blevins;Caroline Jones;Courtney Phifer;Mason Lee;Cindy Lowe;Rachel Hongo;Kelli Boyd;James Netterville;Sarah Rohde;Kamran Idrees;Joshua A Bauer;David Westover;Bradley Reinfeld;Naira Baregamian;Ann Richmond;W Kimryn Rathmell;Ethan Lee;Oliver G McDonald;Vivian L Weiss - iScience (2020)
- Molecular and Cellular Complexity of Glioma. Focus on Tumour Microenvironment and the Use of Molecular and Imaging Biomarkers to Overcome Treatment Resistance. - Silvia Valtorta;Daniela Salvatore;Paolo Rainone;Sara Belloli;Gloria Bertoli;Rosa Maria Moresco - International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
... (177 more literatures)
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