MaltSci 麦伴科研

Appearance

Curated Papers > Recent 10-Year Literature on "Parkinson's Disease"

Parkinson disease. ​

Literature Information ​

DOI10.1038/nrdp.2017.13
PMID28332488
JournalNature reviews. Disease primers
Impact Factor60.6
JCR QuartileQ1
Publication Year2017
Times Cited2136
Literature TypeJournal Article, Review
ISSN2056-676X
Pages17013
Issue3()
AuthorsWerner Poewe, Klaus Seppi, Caroline M Tanner, Glenda M Halliday, Patrik Brundin, Jens Volkmann, Anette-Eleonore Schrag, Anthony E Lang

TL;DR ​

Parkinson's disease, the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting a significant portion of the elderly population, is characterized by neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and α-synuclein aggregates, leading to both motor and non-motor symptoms. Recent advancements in neuroimaging and therapeutic strategies, including targeting α-synuclein and exploring gene-based interventions, highlight the need for early diagnostic biomarkers to enable timely disease-modifying treatments.

Abstract ​

Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2-3% of the population ≥65 years of age. Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which causes striatal dopamine deficiency, and intracellular inclusions containing aggregates of α-synuclein are the neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson disease. Multiple other cell types throughout the central and peripheral autonomic nervous system are also involved, probably from early disease onwards. Although clinical diagnosis relies on the presence of bradykinesia and other cardinal motor features, Parkinson disease is associated with many non-motor symptoms that add to overall disability. The underlying molecular pathogenesis involves multiple pathways and mechanisms: α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, axonal transport and neuroinflammation. Recent research into diagnostic biomarkers has taken advantage of neuroimaging in which several modalities, including PET, single-photon emission CT (SPECT) and novel MRI techniques, have been shown to aid early and differential diagnosis. Treatment of Parkinson disease is anchored on pharmacological substitution of striatal dopamine, in addition to non-dopaminergic approaches to address both motor and non-motor symptoms and deep brain stimulation for those developing intractable L-DOPA-related motor complications. Experimental therapies have tried to restore striatal dopamine by gene-based and cell-based approaches, and most recently, aggregation and cellular transport of α-synuclein have become therapeutic targets. One of the greatest current challenges is to identify markers for prodromal disease stages, which would allow novel disease-modifying therapies to be started earlier.

MaltSci.com AI Research Service ​

Intelligent ReadingAnswer any question about the paper and explain complex charts and formulas
Locate StatementsFind traces of a specific claim within the paper
Add to KBasePerform data extraction, report drafting, and advanced knowledge mining

Primary Questions Addressed ​

  1. What are the latest advancements in identifying prodromal stages of Parkinson disease?
  2. How do non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease impact the overall quality of life for patients?
  3. What are the implications of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease?
  4. How can neuroimaging techniques improve the early diagnosis and treatment strategies for Parkinson disease?
  5. What role do genetic factors play in the development and progression of Parkinson disease?

Key Findings ​

Research Background and Objectives ​

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 2-3% of individuals aged 65 and older. The disease is characterized by the loss of neurons in the substantia nigra leading to dopamine deficiency and the accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates. This review aims to summarize the epidemiology, underlying pathology, diagnostic advancements, and current and future therapeutic strategies for PD.

Main Methods/Materials/Experimental Design ​

The review synthesizes existing literature on the pathophysiology of PD, focusing on the following key areas:

  1. Epidemiology: Data on incidence and prevalence across different demographics.
  2. Pathophysiology: Mechanisms such as α-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.
  3. Diagnostic Approaches: Advances in neuroimaging and biomarkers for early diagnosis.
  4. Therapeutic Strategies: Pharmacological treatments, deep brain stimulation, and experimental therapies.
Mermaid diagram

Key Results and Findings ​

  1. Epidemiology: The incidence of PD increases significantly with age, with men being affected more than women. Various environmental and genetic factors contribute to disease risk.
  2. Pathophysiology:
    • α-Synuclein Aggregation: Key in the formation of Lewy bodies, leading to neurodegeneration.
    • Mitochondrial Dysfunction: Impairs cellular energy production and contributes to neuronal death.
    • Oxidative Stress: Elevated levels in PD patients correlate with neurodegeneration.
    • Neuroinflammation: Microglial activation contributes to neuronal damage.
  3. Diagnosis: Advances in imaging techniques (PET, SPECT) and biomarkers are enhancing early detection and differentiation from other parkinsonian syndromes.
  4. Therapeutics: Current treatments primarily focus on dopaminergic therapies (e.g., l-DOPA), while non-dopaminergic treatments are emerging for symptom management.

Main Conclusions/Significance/Innovation ​

The review emphasizes the multifactorial nature of PD and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention. Despite significant advancements in managing symptoms, there remains a crucial need for disease-modifying therapies. Identifying biomarkers for prodromal stages could facilitate earlier intervention and potentially alter disease progression.

Research Limitations and Future Directions ​

  • Limitations: The review acknowledges the variability in clinical presentation and progression of PD, which complicates diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the reliance on symptomatic treatments rather than curative approaches remains a significant challenge.
  • Future Directions: Emphasis on developing biomarkers for early diagnosis, exploring gene therapy and neuroprotective strategies, and enhancing non-motor symptom management are critical for advancing PD research and treatment. Continued investigation into the interplay of genetic and environmental factors is also necessary to understand disease mechanisms better.

Literatures Citing This Work ​

  1. Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. - Beatrice Heim;Florian Krismer;Roberto De Marzi;Klaus Seppi - Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) (2017)
  2. The implication of neuronimmunoendocrine (NIE) modulatory network in the pathophysiologic process of Parkinson's disease. - Yan Shen;Xingfang Guo;Chao Han;Fang Wan;Kai Ma;Shiyi Guo;Luxi Wang;Yun Xia;Ling Liu;Zhicheng Lin;Jinsha Huang;Nian Xiong;Tao Wang - Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS (2017)
  3. Crosstalk and Interplay between the Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Autophagy. - Chang Hoon Ji;Yong Tae Kwon - Molecules and cells (2017)
  4. Progress toward an integrated understanding of Parkinson's disease. - Maxime W C Rousseaux;Joshua M Shulman;Joseph Jankovic - F1000Research (2017)
  5. Mild Inflammatory Profile without Gliosis in the c-Rel Deficient Mouse Modeling a Late-Onset Parkinsonism. - Vanessa Porrini;Mariana Mota;Edoardo Parrella;Arianna Bellucci;Marina Benarese;Lara Faggi;Paolo Tonin;Pier F Spano;Marina Pizzi - Frontiers in aging neuroscience (2017)
  6. Expression patterns of key Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway components in the developing and adult mouse midbrain and in the MN9D cell line. - Melanie Feuerstein;Enaam Chleilat;Shokoufeh Khakipoor;Konstantinos Michailidis;Christian Ophoven;Eleni Roussa - Cell and tissue research (2017)
  7. The Oligomer Hypothesis in α-Synucleinopathy. - Kenjiro Ono - Neurochemical research (2017)
  8. Alterations in the reduced pteridine contents in the cerebrospinal fluids of LRRK2 mutation carriers and patients with Parkinson's disease. - Hiroshi Ichinose;Ken-Ichi Inoue;Shinobu Arakawa;Yuki Watanabe;Hiroki Kurosaki;Shoko Koshiba;Eldbjorg Hustad;Masahiko Takada;Jan O Aasly - Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) (2018)
  9. Alpha-Synuclein to the Rescue: Immune Cell Recruitment by Alpha-Synuclein during Gastrointestinal Infection. - Viviane Labrie;Patrik Brundin - Journal of innate immunity (2017)
  10. On the integrity of functional brain networks in schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and advanced age: Evidence from connectivity-based single-subject classification. - Rachel N Pläschke;Edna C Cieslik;Veronika I Müller;Felix Hoffstaedter;Anna Plachti;Deepthi P Varikuti;Mareike Goosses;Anne Latz;Svenja Caspers;Christiane Jockwitz;Susanne Moebus;Oliver Gruber;Claudia R Eickhoff;Kathrin Reetz;Julia Heller;Martin Südmeyer;Christian Mathys;Julian Caspers;Christian Grefkes;Tobias Kalenscher;Robert Langner;Simon B Eickhoff - Human brain mapping (2017)

... (2126 more literatures)

© 2025 MaltSci - We reshape scientific research with AI technology