Curated Papers > Highly Cited Authoritative Literature on "CRISPR Gene Editing"

Genome editing. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.

Literature Information

PMID	25430774
Journal	Science (New York, N.Y.)
Impact Factor	45.8
JCR Quartile	Q1
Publication Year	2014
Times Cited	2773
Keywords	Genome Editing, CRISPR-Cas9, Genome Engineering, Biotechnology
Literature Type	Journal Article, Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Review
ISSN	0036-8075
Pages	1258096
Issue	346(6213)
Authors	Jennifer A Doudna, Emmanuelle Charpentier

TL;DR

The CRISPR-Cas9 system has revolutionized genome engineering across various organisms, facilitating precise modifications and regulation of genomic loci. This technological advancement not only enhances experimental biology but also holds significant promise for biotechnological applications and human therapeutic strategies.

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Genome Editing · CRISPR-Cas9 · Genome Engineering · Biotechnology

Abstract

The advent of facile genome engineering using the bacterial RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 system in animals and plants is transforming biology. We review the history of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeat) biology from its initial discovery through the elucidation of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme mechanism, which has set the stage for remarkable developments using this technology to modify, regulate, or mark genomic loci in a wide variety of cells and organisms from all three domains of life. These results highlight a new era in which genomic manipulation is no longer a bottleneck to experiments, paving the way toward fundamental discoveries in biology, with applications in all branches of biotechnology, as well as strategies for human therapeutics.

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Primary Questions Addressed

1. What are the potential ethical implications of using CRISPR-Cas9 technology in human gene editing?
2. How does the CRISPR-Cas9 mechanism compare to other genome editing techniques, such as TALENs and ZFNs?
3. What are the challenges and limitations currently faced in the application of CRISPR-Cas9 in agricultural biotechnology?
4. In what ways can CRISPR-Cas9 be utilized to address genetic disorders in humans?
5. What advancements in CRISPR technology are being explored to improve specificity and reduce off-target effects?

Key Findings

Key Insights

1. Research Background and Purpose
   The study focuses on the revolutionary progress brought about by the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system, a technology derived from bacterial RNA-guided mechanisms. Initially discovered in prokaryotic organisms, CRISPR has evolved into a powerful tool for genome engineering across various species, including animals and plants. The purpose of the review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the history, mechanism, and transformative potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in biological research and biotechnology.

2. Main Methods and Findings
   The authors trace the lineage of CRISPR biology from its discovery to the detailed understanding of the CRISPR-Cas9 enzyme's mechanism. Through a thorough examination of the literature, they summarize how CRISPR has enabled precise modifications, regulation, and marking of genomic loci across diverse cell types and organisms. This includes advancements in genome editing that allow for targeted gene knockout, insertion, or modification, significantly enhancing experimental capabilities in genetic research.

3. Core Conclusions
   The review underscores that CRISPR-Cas9 has ushered in a new era of genomic manipulation, eliminating previous bottlenecks in experimental biology. The ability to easily and accurately edit genomes has profound implications, leading to fundamental discoveries that were previously unattainable. The authors conclude that CRISPR technology not only facilitates basic biological research but also extends its benefits to biotechnology and therapeutic strategies aimed at treating human diseases.

4. Research Significance and Impact
   The significance of this research lies in its ability to democratize genome editing, making it accessible to a broader range of scientists and applications. The CRISPR-Cas9 system is positioned as a cornerstone technology in modern biology, with implications that span agriculture, medicine, and environmental science. By enabling precise genomic interventions, CRISPR-Cas9 holds the potential to revolutionize areas such as gene therapy, crop improvement, and the study of genetic diseases. The review emphasizes that the implications of this technology will continue to expand, fostering innovation and ethical discussions surrounding genetic engineering in the future.

Literatures Citing This Work

1. Zebrafish: a new companion for translational research in oncology. - Jorge Barriuso;Raghavendar Nagaraju;Adam Hurlstone - Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research (2015)
2. Long non-coding RNAs in cancer and development: where do we go from here? - Monika Haemmerle;Tony Gutschner - International journal of molecular sciences (2015)
3. Genomics: CRISPR engineering turns on genes. - Seung Woo Cho;Howard Y Chang - Nature (2015)
4. Non-coding RNA: what is functional and what is junk? - Alexander F Palazzo;Eliza S Lee - Frontiers in genetics (2015)
5. Induction of the pro-inflammatory NF-kB-sensitive miRNA-146a by human neurotrophic viruses. - James M Hill;Christian Clement;Yuhai Zhao;Walter J Lukiw - Frontiers in microbiology (2015)
6. Dramatic enhancement of genome editing by CRISPR/Cas9 through improved guide RNA design. - Behnom Farboud;Barbara J Meyer - Genetics (2015)
7. Rational design of a split-Cas9 enzyme complex. - Addison V Wright;Samuel H Sternberg;David W Taylor;Brett T Staahl;Jorge A Bardales;Jack E Kornfeld;Jennifer A Doudna - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2015)
8. Efficient inversions and duplications of mammalian regulatory DNA elements and gene clusters by CRISPR/Cas9. - Jinhuan Li;Jia Shou;Ya Guo;Yuanxiao Tang;Yonghu Wu;Zhilian Jia;Yanan Zhai;Zhifeng Chen;Quan Xu;Qiang Wu - Journal of molecular cell biology (2015)
9. Electrical synapses connect a network of gonadotropin releasing hormone neurons in a cichlid fish. - Yunyong Ma;Scott A Juntti;Caroline K Hu;John R Huguenard;Russell D Fernald - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2015)
10. Silencing of end-joining repair for efficient site-specific gene insertion after TALEN/CRISPR mutagenesis in Aedes aegypti. - Sanjay Basu;Azadeh Aryan;Justin M Overcash;Glady Hazitha Samuel;Michelle A E Anderson;Timothy J Dahlem;Kevin M Myles;Zach N Adelman - Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2015)

... (2763 more literatures)

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